Originally, it was a term that characterized the diplomacy of the Taft Administration (1909-13), which aimed to promote America's political and economic interests overseas by "using dollars instead of bullets," but in a broader sense, it refers to American imperialist diplomacy. As soon as the Taft Administration was inaugurated, the newly appointed Secretary of State, Knox, with the advice of State Department officials such as Huntington Wilson, carried out organizational reforms at the State Department and developed a policy of global trade expansion. In China, the American banking group, the State Department, and Willard D. Straight (1880-1918) worked together to promote "dollar diplomacy" to open the country's doors. They cooperated and fought with the great powers over loans to the Manchuria Railway and the Huguang Railway. Knox's plan to neutralize the Manchuria Railway and participation in the Six-Power Loan Group to China were part of this. In order to control the strategically important Caribbean region, he sought to make the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Haiti financial protectorates, and in the Middle East he actively supported the expansion of American capital into Turkey and Persia. [Akira Takahashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本来、「弾丸のかわりにドルを用い」て、アメリカの海外における政治的、経済的利害を増進することを目ざしたタフト政権(1909~13)の外交を特徴づける用語であったが、広義にはアメリカ帝国主義外交をさす。タフト政府が発足するや、新任のノックス国務長官は、ハンチントン・ウィルソンら国務省官僚の助言で国務省機構改革を断行し、グローバルな通商拡張政策を展開した。中国では、アメリカ銀行団、国務省、ストレイトWillard D. Straight(1880―1918)の三者の合作により門戸開放のための「ドル外交」を推進。満州鉄道借款、湖広鉄道借款などをめぐり列強と協調あるいは抗争した。ノックスの満州鉄道中立化案、対華六国借款団参加もその一環である。また戦略的に重要なカリブ海地域を制するため、ドミニカ、ニカラグア、ハイチの金融的保護国化を画策し、中近東でも、トルコやペルシアで緒についたアメリカ資本進出を積極的に支援した。 [高橋 章] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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