German biochemist. He was studying medicine at the University of Kiel when World War I broke out and he served as a medical soldier. During that time, he was deeply moved by the helplessness of soldiers suffering from serious infectious diseases such as gas gangrene. He returned to school in 1918 and graduated in 1921. In 1927, he was invited to the laboratory of I.G. Farben to study the pharmacological effects of many azo compounds, which were being actively synthesized at the time in search of new dyes. In 1932, Domagk discovered that p-aminobenzenesulfonylamide (prontosil red), which had been synthesized by Paul Gelmo (1879-1961) in 1908, inhibited infections by staphylococci and hemolytic streptococci. The remarkable effect of this substance was first confirmed by his daughter, who had just become seriously ill with a streptococcal infection. This was a brilliant first step in chemotherapy for bacterial diseases, and subsequent research into antibacterial chemicals began all over the world. It was discovered that the active part was the sulfanilamide, and thousands of sulfa drugs were synthesized and tested. For this achievement, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1939, but declined due to national policy, and was awarded the prize in 1947. He also worked on research into chemotherapy drugs for tuberculosis and cancer. [Mieko Ishidate] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの生化学者。キール大学で医学を学ぶ途中で第一次世界大戦が勃発(ぼっぱつ)し、衛生兵として従軍する。その際、ガス壊疽(えそ)のような重い感染症の兵士に対し、なんらなす術(すべ)のない状態に深く心を動かされた。1918年に復学し、1921年卒業。1927年イー・ゲー・ファルベンの研究所に招かれ、当時新しい染料を求めて盛んに合成されつつあった多くのアゾ化合物の薬理学的効果を研究した。1932年ドーマクは、1908年にゲルモPaul Gelmo(1879―1961)により合成されていたp-アミノベンゼンスルホニルアミド(赤色プロントジル)が、ブドウ球菌および溶血性連鎖球菌の感染を阻止することをみいだした。この物質の著しい効果は、ちょうど連鎖球菌の感染症で重態となった彼の娘によってまず確かめられた。これは細菌性の病気に対する化学療法の輝かしい第一歩であり、引き続いて抗菌性の化学物質の研究が世界各地で始まった。その際、効力のあるのはサルファニル・アミドの部分であることがみいだされ、数千のサルファ剤が合成され、試験されるようになった。この業績により1939年ノーベル医学生理学賞に推されたが国策により辞退し、1947年に受賞。結核と癌(がん)の化学療法剤の研究にも取り組んだ。 [石館三枝子] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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