City finance refers to the finances of local public entities that have implemented city ordinances, and constitutes part of local finance. The scope and structure of city finance varies greatly depending on the era and the country. In the United States, the administrative tasks handled by city finance vary from city to city, in stark contrast to Japan, where city finance is almost uniform nationwide. Among advanced capitalist countries, Japan's local finances are relatively large in scale, except for the Nordic countries. This is because there are many dependent sources of revenue, such as national treasury disbursements and local allocation taxes, while only one-third of local tax revenue sources, which are the core of independent financial resources, are allocated to local governments. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
都市財政とは,市制施行されている地方公共団体の財政であり,地方財政の一部を構成する。都市財政の範囲やしくみは,時代によっても国によっても大きく異なる。アメリカ合衆国のばあい,都市財政が担っている行政事務内容は都市ごとに異なっており,日本のそれが全国的にほとんど画一的であるのに対して全く対照的である。日本の地方財政は先進資本主義諸国の中でも北欧諸国を除けば比較的規模が大きい。これは自主財源の中心である地方税が税源の3分の1しか地方に配分されないなかで,国庫支出金や地方交付税などの依存財源が多いからである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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