City Administration

Japanese: 都市行政 - としぎょうせい

The administrative functions of urban municipalities have grown in importance in every country with the social and economic development of this century. In the United States, a municipal reform movement arose from the end of the 19th century to the 20th century. This was a movement by the urban middle class that sought to clean up city government, which had become corrupt and controlled by a central party as a result of urbanization, but it made a significant contribution to the establishment of modern urban administrative systems and autonomy. Not only did it promote the formation of a modern civil service system and financial accounting system in order to eliminate nepotism and corruption among city government officials, it also led to the introduction of new forms of city government, such as the city manager system and the committee system.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

都市自治体の行政機能は，いずれの国でも今世紀の社会経済発展にともなって重要性を増した。アメリカでは19世紀末から20世紀の10年代にかけて市政改革運動が起きた。これは，都市化とともに中央政党によって支配され腐敗していた市政の浄化を求める都市中間層の運動であったが，近代的な都市行政制度と自治権の確立に多大な貢献を果たした。市政府職員の情実任用と汚職を排するために，近代的な公務員制度や財務会計制度の形成を促したばかりか，市政府形態として新たに市支配人制や委員会制の導入に結びついた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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