Tkachëv, Pëtr Nikitich

Japanese: トカチョーフ（英語表記）Tkachëv， Pëtr Nikitich

Born: July 11, 1844 in Pskov
[Died] January 4, 1886. Paris. Russian revolutionary and Narodnik theorist. Born into a minor noble family, he was influenced by NG Chernyshevsky and others early on and participated in the revolutionary movement. In 1861, he entered St. Petersburg University, where he immediately joined the student movement and was repeatedly arrested and imprisoned. In 1869, he was arrested for participating in SG Nechayev's organization, and in 1873 he fled to Switzerland. In 1875, he published the revolutionary newspaper Nabat in Geneva, and in 1877, he formed the conspiratorial organization "People's Liberation Association". He later went to France, where he deepened his contact with the Blanquists and continued his activities with the publication of an organ magazine. His revolutionary theory considered the intelligentsia to be the central force of the revolution instead of the workers, advocated a revolution through the use of violence and political conspiracies, and strongly advocated the organizational strengthening of a centralized and strict group to realize this, which had a strong influence on the Narodnik "People's Will (Party)". His main work was "Tasks of Revolutionary Propaganda in Russia" (1874).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1844.7.11. プスコフ
[没]1886.1.4. パリ
ロシアの革命家，ナロードニキの理論家。小貴族の家に生れ，早くから N.G.チェルヌイシェフスキーらに影響されて革命運動に参加。 1861年ペテルブルグ大学に入学，ただちに学生運動に加わり，逮捕，投獄を繰返した。 69年 S.G.ネチャーエフの組織に参加したかどで逮捕され，73年スイスへ逃れた。 75年ジュネーブで革命的新聞『警鐘』 Nabatを発刊，さらに 77年陰謀的組織「人民解放協会」を結成。のちフランスにおもむき，ブランキスト集団と接触を深め，機関誌活動などを続けた。彼の革命理論は，労働者の代りにインテリゲンチアを革命の中心勢力とみなし，暴力と政治的陰謀の駆使による革命を主張，それを実現する中央集権的で厳格な規律を有する集団の組織的強化を強く訴え，ナロードニキの「人民の意志 (党)」に強い影響を与えた。主著『ロシアにおける革命的宣伝の諸任務』 Zadachi revolyutsionnoi propagandy v Rossii (1874) 。

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