Dong Zhuo

One of the heroes of the late Eastern Han Dynasty in China. A native of Lintao, Longxi (Min County, Gansu Province). From a young age, he had a chivalrous spirit and was able to tame the Qiang leaders. He started out as a low-ranking military officer, and went on to have successively distinguished posts in local and central military positions, during which time he came to have a powerful army. At the time, the great general He Jin and others in the imperial court were planning to eliminate the eunuchs, but after Emperor Ling died and Emperor Shao ascended the throne (189), He Jin, wanting to use Dong Zhuo's military power, summoned Dong Zhuo to Luoyang. On his way to Kyoto, Dong Zhuo took the young emperor, who had taken refuge outside the palace, with him, and entered the capital. He took control of the capital, killed the young emperor, and installed Emperor Xian, and continued to behave tyrannically. As a result, when Yuan Shao and others, who had defeated the eunuchs and gained momentum, raised an army to suppress Dong Zhuo, Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an with Emperor Xian. However, there were many violent acts in Chang'an as well, and Wang Yun had Dong Zhuo's general Lu Bu kill Dong Zhuo at a morning assembly.

[Naohiro Goi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、後漢(ごかん)末の群雄の1人。隴西(ろうせい)臨洮(りんとう)（甘粛(かんしゅく)省岷(びん)県）の人。若いときから侠気(きょうき)があり、羌(きょう)族の首領たちを手なずけた。下級武官を振り出しに、地方、中央の武官を歴任して功をたて、その間に強大な軍隊をもつようになった。当時、宮廷では大将軍何進(かしん)らが宦官(かんがん)の誅滅(ちゅうめつ)を計画していたが、霊帝が死に少帝がたつと（189）、董卓の兵力を利用しようとした何進は、董卓を洛陽(らくよう)に召集した。董卓は入洛の途上、宮城外に避難していた少帝を擁して入洛し、都を制圧して少帝を殺し、献帝をたて、横暴のふるまいが多かった。そのため宦官を滅ぼして勢いにのった袁紹(えんしょう)らが、董卓討伐の兵をあげると、董卓は献帝を伴って長安に遷都した。しかし、長安でも凶暴なふるまいが多く、王允(おういん)は朝会の場で、董卓の将呂布(りょふ)に董卓を殺させた。

［五井直弘］

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