When a melt or a mixed solution is cooled, a kind of supercooled state prevents crystallization, resulting in a glassy solid phase. This is called devitrification or vitrification. Enamel and glaze glass are typical examples of glassy solids formed in this way. The glassy solids formed in this way are transparent but energetically unstable, and if left for a long time, they may transition to a crystalline state. When glass (ancient glass) left underground weathers and shows silver or gold play of color, it means that it has partially crystallized. The recrystallization of a glassy solid in this way is called devitrification. Devitrification is more likely to occur when heated, and is often seen when heating old glass tubes to work with them. Devitrified glass becomes extremely fragile. [Yamazaki Akira] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
融成物(メルト)や混合溶液を冷却するときに、一種の過冷却状態として結晶をつくらせないようにすると、ガラス質の固相が生成する。これを透化またはガラス化という。エナメルや釉(ゆう)ガラスなどはこのようにして生じたガラス質固体の典型である。このようにして生じたガラス質は透明であるがエネルギー的には不安定であり、長時間放置すると結晶質に転位することもある。地中に放置されたガラス(古代ガラス)が風化して、銀色や金色の遊色を示すのは、部分的に結晶化が進んでいることを意味する。なお、このようにしてガラス質の固体がふたたび結晶化することを失透devitrificationという。失透は加熱するとおこりやすくなり、古くなったガラス管を加熱して細工しようとするおりなどによくみられる。失透したガラスはきわめてもろくなる。 [山崎 昶] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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