Transfer order - Temporary order

Japanese: 転付命令 - てんぷめいれい
Transfer order - Temporary order

In the forced execution of monetary claims, when a monetary claim held by a debtor against a third debtor is attached (called claim execution), the court orders that the claim (attached claim) be converted into money (realized) and transferred to the attaching creditor at its face value (a certain amount indicated as the subject of the claim) in lieu of payment (Civil Execution Act, Article 159). Therefore, a transfer order is only permitted when the attached claim is a monetary claim and has a face value. A transfer order must be served on the debtor and the third debtor, but by the time it is served on the third debtor, there must be no execution of attachment or provisional attachment or distribution demand by other creditors, and if this is the case, the transfer order will not take effect. The effect of a transfer order comes into effect when it becomes final, and its content is that payment is deemed to have occurred at the time of its service to the third debtor. Therefore, the attaching creditor will receive payment in priority over other creditors, but the creditor will bear the risk that the transferred credit (such as a deposit credit in a bank account) will become uncollectible in reality. This is why a transfer order is effective when the third party debtor has sufficient assets (such as a bank).

[Yoshinobu Homma]

[Reference] | Enforcement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

金銭債権の強制執行において、債務者が第三債務者に対してもっている金銭債権が差し押さえられた場合(債権執行という)の、その債権(被差押債権)の金銭化(換価)の方法で、その債権を支払いにかえて券面額(債権の目的として表示されている一定の金額)で差押債権者に移転する旨の、裁判所の決定(民事執行法159条)。したがって、転付命令は、被差押債権が金銭債権で、券面額を有するときにのみ許される。転付命令は債務者および第三債務者に送達されなければならないが、第三債務者に送達されるときまでに、他の債権者による差押え・仮差押えの執行または配当要求のないことが必要で、これがあると転付命令は効力を生じない。転付命令の効力は確定により生じ、その内容は、第三債務者への送達のときに弁済があったとみなされることである。したがって、差押債権者は他の債権者に優先して弁済を受けることになるが、転付された債権(たとえば銀行等の口座にある預金債権等)が現実に取り立て不可能となる危険は、債権者が負担する。第三債務者が十分な資力を有するとき(たとえば銀行等)に、転付命令が実効性を有するゆえんである。

[本間義信]

[参照項目] | 強制執行

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