Earthworm - Earthworm

Japanese: ツチトリモチ - つちとりもち
Earthworm - Earthworm

A perennial parasitic plant of the family Amphibacteraceae (APG classification: Amphibacteraceae). The underground stem is tubular, 2-3 cm in diameter, brownish with white lenticel-like protuberances. The flower stalk is rounded, erect, 5-10 cm tall including the inflorescence, and has densely alternate brownish-red scale leaves. The scale leaves are slightly erect, fleshy, broadly ovate or oblong. From October to December, a single, thick, narrowly ovate or slightly ovate spadix grows at the terminal inflorescence. The inflorescence is orange-red, 3-6 cm long, 2-3 cm in diameter, and densely covered with tiny yellow female flowers. However, the female flowers are covered by oval globules and cannot be seen from the outside. The ovary is stalked, oval, small, and has a linear style at the top. The plant is dioecious, but no male plants have yet been discovered. It parasitizes the roots of Japanese cypress and Japanese black cypress in mountain forests and is found in the warm temperate zone of the Kii Peninsula, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Amami Oshima. Its name comes from the fact that it produces sticky rice cakes from its underground stems. It is also known as Yamaderabozu (mountain temple monk) because it grows in the mountains and its spadix resembles a shaved head.

[Junko Kobayashi February 17, 2021]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ツチトリモチ科(APG分類:ツチトリモチ科)の多年生寄生植物。地下茎は塊状で径2~3センチメートル、茶褐色で白色の皮目状の隆点がある。花茎は丸く、直立し、花序を含めて高さ5~10センチメートルで、褐赤色の鱗片(りんぺん)葉を密に互生する。鱗片葉はやや直立し、肉質で広卵形または長楕円(ちょうだえん)形。10~12月、単一で肥厚な狭卵形またはやや卵形の肉穂花序を頂生する。花序は橙赤(とうせき)色、長さ3~6センチメートル、径2~3センチメートル、表面に微細な黄色の雌花のみを密生する。しかし雌花は、卵円形の小球体に覆われるため、外からは見えない。子房は有柄で楕円形、小形で上端に線形の花柱がある。雌雄異株であるが、雄株はいまだ発見されていない。山林内でハイノキ、クロキなどの根に寄生し、紀伊半島、四国、九州、奄美(あまみ)大島などの暖帯に分布する。名は、地下茎からとりもちをつくることに由来する。また、肉穂花序を坊主頭に見立て、山中に生えることから、ヤマデラボウズ(山寺坊主)の名もある。

[小林純子 2021年2月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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