Kyoson Tsuchida

Philosopher and critic. Born to a wealthy farming family in Sado, Niigata Prefecture. His real name was Tsutomu. His elder brother was the Japanese painter Bakusen. After graduating from Niigata Normal School, he entered Tokyo Higher Normal School, where he was influenced by Oka Asajiro and Tanaka Odo. While still a student, he published his first book, Bunmei Shicho to Shin Tetsugaku (1914). He went on to Kyoto Imperial University, where he was taught by Nishida Kitaro. He was interested in Husserl's phenomenology, which was still new at the time, and wrote his graduation thesis, "Introduction to Modern Philosophy: A Phenomenological Consideration of Recognition." He later compiled this and published it as The Philosophy of Symbols (1919). In 1919 (Taisho 8), he founded the Japan Culture Academy, and in the following year, 1920, in its journal, Bunka, he advocated culturalism from an independent standpoint on various issues of thought, culture, and society, and in particular criticized Marxism, which was on the rise at the time (Marxist Thought and Modern Thought, 1921). During this time, he also promoted the free university movement, including the "Shinano Free University," and actively supported these movements. In his later years, he was often bedridden and devoted himself to the study of Japanese literature and Japanese art history.

[Kazunori Watanabe September 16, 2016]

"The Complete Works of Kyoson Tsuchida, 15 volumes (1935-1936, Daiichi Shobo/Reprint, 1982, Japan Library Center)" ▽ "The Philosophy of Symbolism" (1971, Shinsensha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

哲学者、評論家。新潟県佐渡の豪農に生まれる。本名は茂(つとむ)。日本画家麦僊(ばくせん)は兄にあたる。新潟師範学校を経て、東京高等師範学校に入学。ここで丘浅次郎、田中王堂の感化を受ける。在学中に『文明思潮と新哲学』（1914）を処女出版。京都帝国大学へ進み西田幾多郎(にしだきたろう)の指導を受けた。当時まだ目新しかったフッサールの現象学に注目、卒論は「現代哲学序論――認識の現象学的考察」。のちこれをまとめて『象徴の哲学』（1919）を出版した。1919年（大正8）日本文化学院を設立、翌1920年創刊した機関誌『文化』を舞台に在野の立場から思想、文化、社会の諸問題について文化主義を主張、とりわけ当時台頭してきたマルクス主義を批判した（『マルクス思想と現代思想』1921）。またこのころ「信濃(しなの)自由大学」をはじめとする自由大学運動を推進し、積極的にこれらの運動を支援した。晩年は病床にふすことが多く、国文学や日本美術史の研究に沈潜した。

［渡辺和靖　2016年9月16日］

『『土田杏村全集』全15巻（1935～1936・第一書房／復刻版・1982・日本図書センター）』▽『『象徴の哲学』（1971・新泉社）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例