Machines, tractors, stations (English) Mashinno-Traktornaya Stantsiya (Russian)

Japanese: 機械・トラクター・ステーション - きかいとらくたーすてーしょん(英語表記)Машинно‐Тракторная Станция/Mashinno-Traktornaya Stantsiya ロシア語
Machines, tractors, stations (English) Mashinno-Traktornaya Stantsiya (Russian)

The abbreviation is MTS. During the period of full-scale agricultural collectivization in the Soviet Union after 1930, this organization provided services such as tractors and combine harvesters to collective farms, and received payment in kind of about 20% of the total harvest. It was also a base for the Communist Party in rural areas where there were few members. At one time, there were more than 7,000 collective farms, but about 40% of them were destroyed by the Nazis during World War II. After the war, the number increased to about 9,000 again, but it was disbanded in 1958 under Khrushchev's agricultural administration. This was because the collective farms had grown so much that there was no need for two masters on the same land. 600,000 tractors, 320,000 combine harvesters, and about 1 million mechanics were transferred to collective farms and sovkhozes. This dissolution policy, which also aimed to "communize the collective farms themselves," strengthened the party organization in rural areas. However, the purchase of machinery was a heavy burden for the collective farms, leading to an increase in debt. After MTS it was left as Repair and Technical Station Remontno-Tehnicheskaya Stantsiya/Remontno-Tehnicheskaya Stantsiya (abbreviated as RTS/RTS).

[Hiromasa Nakayama]

[References] | Kolkhoz | Sovkhoz | Khrushchev

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

略称はエム・テー・エスМТС/MTS。ソ連の1930年以降の全面的農業集団化の時期に、集団農場に対しトラクター、コンバインなどでのサービスを提供し、総収穫の2割前後もの現物支払いを受けていた組織で、共産党員の少ない農村部での党の拠点でもあった。一時は7000余に達していたが、第二次世界大戦中にナチスによって約4割も破壊された。戦後ふたたび9000前後になったが、1958年フルシチョフ農政下で解体された。同一の土地に2人の主人はいらぬというほどコルホーズが成長していたからである。60万台のトラクター、32万台のコンバインおよび約100万人の機械手がコルホーズとソフホーズに分散移籍された。「コルホーズ自体のコムニズム化」をもねらったこの解体政策で農村の党組織は強化された。しかし、機械類の購入はコルホーズにとっては負担が大きく債務増大につながった。エム・テー・エスのあとは修理・技術ステーションРемонтно‐Техническая Станция/Remontno‐Tehnicheskaya Stantsiya(略称エル・テー・エスРТС/RTS)として残された。

[中山弘正]

[参照項目] | コルホーズ | ソフホーズ | フルシチョフ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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