Itako

Japanese: いたこ
Itako

Miko (shrine maidens) are widely distributed in the northern Tohoku region and are known for their spirit mediumship. Many of them are blind women. They undergo a certain amount of training, are possessed by spirits, and have a specific god or Buddha as their guardian deity. At the request of each household, they perform spirit mediumship for the dead during the spring equinox and Bon, and worship the family god Oshirasama by reciting a ritual text called Asobashiru. Even today, at the Jizo-ko in Osorezan, Shimokita Peninsula, and at the Jizo-bon festival in Kawakura, Kanagi-cho, Tsugaru Peninsula, local Itako gather to perform spirit mediumship with prayer beads in hand. There are various theories about the meaning of the word, including one that suggests that it is a combination of the Ainu verb Itaku (to speak) and the nickname for the Tohoku region, Ko, based on the action of speaking, and another that itako is called Itako because the posthumous name of the new Buddha is written on a board and worshiped. Today, training is also offered at some Tendai temples.

[Kamata Hisako]

"Thoughts on Shrine Maidens" (included in "The Complete Collection of Yanagita Kunio 9", 1962, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東北地方北部に広く分布する口寄せを業とする巫女(みこ)。盲目の女性が多い。一定の修行をして、神憑(かみつ)けが行われ、特定の神仏を守護神としてもっている。家々の求めに応じて、春の彼岸、盆に死者供養(くよう)の口寄せを行ったり、家の神のオシラサマをアソバセルといって、祭文(さいもん)を語ってオシラサマを祀(まつ)ったりする。いまも下北半島恐山(おそれざん)の地蔵講や、津軽半島金木(かなぎ)町川倉の地蔵盆には、近在のいたこが集まり、数珠(じゅず)を手にして口寄せを行っている。語義は、語るという行動から、アイヌ語のイタク(語る)という動詞に東北地方の愛称コが付されたものという説、新仏の戒名を板に書き付けて祀るので板コだという説など諸説がある。今日では天台系の寺で養成しているところもある。

[鎌田久子]

『「巫女考」(『定本柳田国男集9』所収・1962・筑摩書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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