Workers' Party of Korea

Japanese: 朝鮮労働党 - ちょうせんろうどうとう
Workers' Party of Korea

The ruling party of North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea). It originated from the Northern Korean Branch of the Communist Party of Korea, which was established on October 10, 1945, and this date is now considered the Founding Day of the Workers' Party of Korea. The North Korean Constitution explicitly states that "all activities shall be carried out under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea" (Article 11), establishing the party's superiority over the state. The party has around 6 million members, which is about a quarter of the total population. Its official newspaper is the daily Rodong Sinmun, and its official magazine is the monthly Workers' Party. The party's military force is the Korean People's Army.

[Atsuhito Isozaki April 16, 2021]

history

Kim Il-sung, the first supreme leader, was appointed as the Chief Secretary of the North Korean Branch of the Communist Party of Korea in December 1945. In response to the merger of the New Democratic Party of Korea, the Founding Congress of the Workers' Party of North Korea was held in August 1946, with Kim Du-bong as chairman and Kim Il-sung as vice-chairman. In June 1949, the Workers' Party of North and South Korea was merged to form the current party, with Kim Il-sung as chairman of the Central Committee. Kim Il-sung succeeded in strengthening his power during the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. In December 1955, he presented the concept of "Juche," which later became the basis of the Juche ideology, in a speech titled "To eliminate dogmatism and formalism in ideological activities and establish Juche." With the introduction of the secretariat system at the 14th Plenary Session of the 4th Central Committee of the Party in October 1966, Kim Il-sung was appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee. After the death of Kim Il-sung in July 1994, after a "three-year mourning period," Kim Jong-il was elected General Secretary in October 1997. After the death of Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un was appointed First Secretary in April 2012. The position was renamed Chairman in May 2016, and General Secretary in January 2021, with Kim Jong-un elected as the new leader.

[Atsuhito Isozaki April 16, 2021]

Organization

The party's "highest leadership body" is the Party Congress, which is convened by the Central Committee once every five years, with the date of the convening party congress announced several months in advance.

The Founding Congress of the Workers' Party of North Korea was held in August 1946, and is considered the first party congress. The name was changed from the North Korean Branch of the Communist Party of Korea, and the party constitution stated the goal of building a "wealthy, strong, independent democratic state." It also decided to publish the organ newspaper Rodong Sinmun and the magazine Workers. The second party congress was held in March 1948. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established on September 9 of the same year. The third party congress was held in April 1956, and announced the five-year plan for the development of the national economy from 1957 onwards. It was the first party congress held after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, where criticism of Stalin was launched, and called for friendly solidarity with socialist countries. The fourth party congress was held in September 1961, and the issues of the first seven-year plan for the development of the national economy (1961-1967) were discussed. The 5th Party Congress was held in November 1970, where the tasks of the six-year plan for the development of the national economy (1971-1976) were discussed, and the "unique ideological system" was emphasized, with Juche ideology as the "unshakable guiding ideology." The 6th Party Congress was held in October 1980, where the party constitution made it clear that Juche ideology was the only guiding ideology and that the party's ultimate goal was to make the entire society Juche ideology. More importantly, the Congress was notable for Kim Jong-il's first official appearance, and he was inaugurated as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee and Secretary of the Party Central Committee. In later years, this Congress was positioned as "the brilliant resolution of the issue of the succession of the leader's achievements and the provision of a solid guarantee for the completion of the Juche revolutionary achievements." The 7th Party Congress was held in May 2016, 36 years after the 6th Party Congress. Kim Jong Un, who was the first secretary of the party, was appointed chairman of the party, a newly established post, and the five-year national economic development strategy (2016-2020) was launched. Kim Jong Un was appointed chairman of the newly established State Affairs Commission at the Supreme People's Assembly held the following June, marking the beginning of a new era for the Kim Jong Un regime. The 8th Congress was held in January 2021. With no major economic achievements to boast about, Kim Jong Un's title was changed from chairman of the party to general secretary of the party.

The Party Congress is a similar event to the Party Congress. The first Party Congress was held in March 1958, where the First Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy was approved, and where the purge of the Yan'an and Soviet factions, who were believed to have challenged Kim Il-sung's power within the Party, was summarized. The second Party Congress was held in October 1966, where issues such as the construction of a socialist economy were discussed, and a statement on the Vietnam issue was issued. The third Party Congress was held in September 2010, where Kim Jong-il was re-elected as General Secretary of the Party, and Kim Jong-un was elected as Vice Chairman of the Party Central Military Commission. This was Kim Jong-un's first official appearance. The fourth Party Congress was held in April 2012, where Kim Jong-un was elected as First Secretary of the Party, a newly established post. The revised party constitution not only explicitly stated that the party is "the party of the Great Leader Comrade Kim Il Sung and the Great Leader Comrade Kim Jong Il," but also established "Kim Il Sung-Kim Jong Il-ism" as the party's guiding ideology.

The Party Central Committee is required to convene a plenary meeting (general meeting) at least once a year. According to the Party Constitution, its duties and powers include "discussing and deciding on important issues that come before the Party, electing the Political Bureau and the Political Bureau Standing Committee of the Party Central Committee, electing the Secretary of the Party Central Committee, organizing the Secretariat, organizing the Party Central Military Commission, and electing the Party Central Inspection Commission." While these meetings were held regularly under Kim Il-sung's administration, the Kim Jong-il administration, which advocated "military-first politics," did not hold any Party Congresses or Plenary Meetings of the Party Central Committee. However, since 2010, it has become clear that the Party has returned to an emphasis on the party in the construction of Kim Jong-un's successor system. The Kim Jong-un administration not only holds Plenary Meetings of the Party Central Committee on an irregular basis, but also announces important decisions at meetings of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee.

Labor organizations have been established as "media to connect the party and the masses" (outside organizations). Specifically, the General Federation of Korean Trades and the Korean Agricultural Workers' Union are examples of these. Youth organizations have also been established (publication newspaper "Youth Vanguard"). Other organizations include the Korean Socialist Women's Union.

[Atsuhito Isozaki April 16, 2021]

[References] | North Korea | Kim Jong-il | Kim Jong-un | Kim Il-sung | Juche ideology | Military-first politics | Rodong Shinmun

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北朝鮮(朝鮮民主主義人民共和国)の支配政党。1945年10月10日に発足した朝鮮共産党北部朝鮮分局を起源とし、この日が現在の朝鮮労働党創建記念日とされている。北朝鮮憲法では、「朝鮮労働党の領導のもとにすべての活動を行う」(第11条)と明示しており、党の国家に対する優位性が確立されている。党員数は全人口の約4分の1にあたる600万人程度。機関紙は日刊の『労働新聞』、機関誌は月刊の『勤労者』である。党の軍隊として、朝鮮人民軍がある。

[礒﨑敦仁 2021年4月16日]

歴史

初代最高指導者である金日成(キムイルソン)は、1945年12月に朝鮮共産党北部朝鮮分局の責任書記に就任。朝鮮新民党の合流を受け入れる形で1946年8月に北朝鮮労働党創立大会が開かれ、金枓奉(キムドゥボン)が委員長に、金日成が副委員長に就任した。1949年6月に南北の朝鮮労働党を合同して現党名となり、金日成が中央委員会委員長に就任した。1950年から1953年の朝鮮戦争で権力強化に成功した金日成は、1955年12月に「思想活動において教条主義と形式主義を一掃し、主体(チュチェ)を確立するために」と題する演説において、後の主体思想のもととなる「主体」概念を提示したとされる。1966年10月党中央委員会第4期第14回全員会議における書記局制導入に伴って、金日成は中央委員会総書記に就任した。1994年7月の金日成死去後、「三年の喪」を経て、1997年10月には金正日(キムジョンイル)が総書記に推戴(すいたい)された。金正日死後の2012年4月、金正恩(キムジョンウン)が新設の第一書記に就任した。さらに2016年5月に委員長、2021年1月に総書記へと名称変更し、金正恩が推戴された。

[礒﨑敦仁 2021年4月16日]

組織

党の「最高指導機関」は党大会で、党中央委員会が5年に1回招集し、党大会招集日は数か月前に発表すると定められている。

 1946年8月、北朝鮮労働党創立大会が開催され、これが第1回党大会とみなされている。朝鮮共産党北部朝鮮分局から名称が変更され、党規約には「富強な民主主義独立国家」を建設するとの目標が明示された。また、機関紙『労働新聞』、機関誌『勤労者』の発行が決定された。第2回党大会は、1948年3月に開催された。その後、同年9月9日に朝鮮民主主義人民共和国が樹立されている。第3回党大会は、1956年4月に開催され、翌1957年からの人民経済発展五か年計画が発表された。スターリン批判が展開されたソ連共産党第20回大会後に初めて開催された党大会であり、社会主義諸国との親善団結が訴えられた。第4回党大会は、1961年9月に開催され、人民経済発展第一次七か年(1961~1967年)計画の課題が討議された。第5回党大会は、1970年11月に開催され、人民経済発展六か年(1971~1976年)計画の課題が討議されたほか、主体思想を「確固不動たる指導思想」として、「唯一思想体系」が強調された。第6回党大会は、1980年10月に開催され、党規約によって主体思想が唯一の指導思想であることや、党の最終目的が全社会の主体思想化にあることが明示された。それ以上に重要なのは、金正日が公式の場に初めて登場したことで注目された大会という点であり、金正日は党中央委員会政治局常務委員会委員、党中央委員会書記に就任した。後年になってこの大会は、「首領の偉業継承問題が輝かしく解決され、主体革命偉業完成の確固たる担保が用意された」と位置づけられた。第7回党大会は、第6回党大会から36年ぶりとなる2016年5月に開催された。党第一書記であった金正恩は、新設ポストである党委員長に推戴され、国家経済発展五か年戦略(2016~2020年)が打ち出された。金正恩は、翌6月開催の最高人民会議で新設された国務委員会委員長に推戴され、金正恩体制の新たな幕開けとなった。第8回大会は、2021年1月に開催された。経済面で大きな成果を誇れないなか、金正恩の職名が党委員長から党総書記に変更された。

 党大会に準じるものとして、党代表者会がある。第1回党代表者会は、1958年3月に開催され、人民経済発展第一次五か年計画が承認されるとともに、金日成の党内権力に挑戦をしたとされる延安派およびソ連派の粛清を総括する場となった。第2回党代表者会は1966年10月に開催され、社会主義経済建設の課題などについて討議されたほか、ベトナム問題に関する声明が発表された。第3回党代表者会は2010年9月に開催され、金正日を党総書記に再推戴するとともに、金正恩を党中央軍事委員会副委員長に選出した。金正恩が公式の場に初めて登場したのである。第4回党代表者会は2012年4月に開催され、金正恩を新設ポストである党第一書記に推戴した。改正された党規約では、党が「偉大な首領金日成同志と偉大な領導者金正日同志の党」であることを明示したばかりでなく、「金日成・金正日主義」を党の指導思想に定めた。

 党中央委員会は、全員会議(総会)を1年に1回以上招集するとされている。党規約によれば、「党の前に出てきた重要な諸問題を討議決定し、党中央委員会政治局と政治局常務委員会を選挙し、党中央委員会書記を選挙し、書記局を組織し、党中央軍事委員会を組織し、党中央検査委員会を選挙する」ことなどが任務および権限とされる。金日成政権期には定期的に開催されていた一方、「先軍政治」を掲げた金正日政権は、党大会のみならず党中央委員会全員会議も開催していなかった。しかし、2010年以降、金正恩後継体制構築に際して党重視への回帰が明白となった。金正恩政権は、党中央委員会全員会議を不定期に開催しているほか、党中央委員会政治局の会議で重要決定を発表するという特徴もみられる。

 「党と大衆を連結する媒体」(外郭団体)として勤労団体が設置されている。具体的には朝鮮職業総同盟や朝鮮農業勤労者同盟がこれにあたる。また、青年組織も設置されている(機関紙『青年前衛』)。ほかに朝鮮社会主義女性同盟などがある。

[礒﨑敦仁 2021年4月16日]

[参照項目] | 北朝鮮 | 金正日 | 金正恩 | 金日成 | 主体思想 | 先軍政治 | 労働新聞

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Mistake - mistake

>>:  Korean cuisine - Chosenryori

Recommend

Bertrand Du Guesclin

Around 1320-80 Commander-in-chief of the French ro...

Campanilismo - Campanilismo

...Comunes, which are equivalent to Japanese citi...

Osteospermum ecklonis (English spelling) Osteospermum ecklonis

… [Eiichi Asayama]. … *Some of the terminology th...

Quota method - quota method

A type of meaningful choice method for sampling in...

Princess Asahi

1543-90 (Tenbun 12-Tensho 18) A woman from the Azu...

Appearanceism

…It refers to the legal appearance in the German ...

Puss in Boots - Puss in Boots (English)

A Perrault fairy tale written in prose. The mille...

Rikuyuengi

Fan Fong of Huaiji, Zhejiang Province, who is bel...

Byzantine Art

Strictly speaking, it refers to the art of the Eas...

Unk - Unk

...The length varies from around the stomach to a...

Tanjore

...An ancient city in the central-eastern part of...

Kakizuku - Kakizuku

…These are genetic types, not differences in regi...

Cacalia adenostyloides (English spelling)

… [Mitsuru Hotta]... *Some of the terminology tha...

Aomi [town] - Oumi

An old town in Nishikubiki County, in the southwes...

Marian von Smoluchowski

1872‐1917 Polish physicist. He spent his formative...