The Parliament that started the Puritan Revolution and carried it out. It was called this in contrast to the "Short Parliament" that met in the spring of 1640 and closed soon after, as it was convened in November 1640 and formally continued until March 1660. After losing the war with Scotland, King Charles I convened it to implement a peace treaty, but this Parliament not only decided on the execution of the Earl of Strafford, but also decided on a series of anti-royalist policies, such as abolishing the Star Chamber and the High Congregation, and passing the Three Years' Parliament Act. After that, in the autumn of 1641, Parliament was divided over the vote on the Great Council, but the following year, after the start of the civil war, under the leadership of Pym, it immediately expelled the royalists and united by forming the "Solemn League and Covenant", and even after Pym's death, it continued to fight and negotiate with the King under the leadership of the Presbyterians. However, during the course of the civil war, the military's political voice gradually grew stronger, and especially after the formation of the New Model Army in 1645, the independence movement rose to power with the backing of the New Model Army. As a result, after the end of the civil war, Parliament was unable to function amid conflict between Presbyterians and independence movements. As a result, in December 1648, the military expelled the Presbyterian members and created the Rump Parliament, which effectively marked the end of the Long Parliament. In February 1660, with Charles II's return to England looming, the Rump Parliament allowed the expelled Presbyterian members to return and then dissolved itself, and a new Parliament was convened to welcome the King. (Book version, 1987) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ピューリタン革命の発端となり、またそれを遂行した議会。1640年11月に招集され、形式的には1660年3月まで続いたため、1640年春に開かれすぐに閉会した「短期議会」と対比して、この名がついた。スコットランドとの戦争に敗れたイギリス国王チャールズ1世が、和約を実行するために招集したが、この議会はストラッフォード伯の処刑を決定するだけでなく、星室庁裁判所や高等宗務官裁判所を廃止し、3年議会法を成立させるなど、次々と反国王的な政策を決定した。その後1641年秋、大諫議書(だいかんぎしょ)の採決をめぐって分裂した議会は、翌年、内戦開始後ピムの指導のもとただちに王党派を排除して、「厳粛な同盟と盟約」を結んで団結し、ピムの死後も長老派の主導下に、国王との戦いと交渉を繰り返した。しかし内戦の過程でしだいに軍隊の政治的発言権が強まり、ことに1645年の新型軍New Model Armyの結成以後、その力を背景とする独立派が台頭した結果、内戦終了後の議会は長老派と独立派の対立のなかで、その機能を果たせなくなった。このため1648年12月、軍は長老派の議員を追放してランプ議会(残部議会)をつくり、ここに長期議会は事実上終わりを告げた。1660年2月、チャールズ2世の帰国を目前にしてランプ議会は、追放された長老派議員の復帰を認めたのち自ら解散し、国王を迎えるための新議会が招集された。(書籍版 1987年) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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