Sino-Soviet Dispute

Japanese: 中ソ論争 - ちゅうソろんそう

The theoretical conflict between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It surfaced around 1960, triggered by the criticism of Stalin. While the Soviet Union advocated peaceful coexistence with the United States, China strengthened its anti-imperialist struggle against the United States, advocated the liberation of Asia and Africa, and criticized the Soviet Union's attitude as revisionism. This conflict is related to the way the international communist movement is carried out, so it has sparked debate among communist parties in other countries besides China and the Soviet Union. The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 greatly changed the nature of the Sino-Soviet dispute. China defined the Soviet Union as "social imperialism," while the Soviet Union defined China as anti-Leninism and anti-communism, and neither country recognized the other as a socialist country. The Sino-Soviet conflict further escalated from a theoretical struggle to an armed confrontation on the border. With the emergence of General Secretary Gorbachev in 1985, the conflict between the two countries gradually moved toward reconciliation, and in 1989, the first Sino-Soviet summit in 30 years was held. In 1991, General Secretary Jiang Zemin visited the Soviet Union and formally signed the Sino-Soviet Eastern Border Agreement.
→ Related topics Kim Il-sung | Soviet Union | People's Republic of China | Statement of 81 nations | Khrushchev

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国共産党とソビエト連邦共産党の理論的対立。スターリン批判を契機とし，1960年ころから表面化した。ソ連が米国との平和共存を主張するのに対し，中国は米国に対する反帝国主義闘争を強めアジア・アフリカの解放を主張，ソ連の態度を修正主義として批判した。この対立は国際共産主義運動の進め方にかかわるため，中ソ以外の各国の共産党にも論争を呼び起こした。1968年のソ連のチェコ侵入を契機に中ソ論争は様相を大きく変えた。中国はソ連を〈社会帝国主義〉と規定，一方ソ連も中国を反レーニン主義・反共主義であると規定，ともに相手を社会主義国として認めない段階に入った。さらに中ソの対立は，理論闘争から国境での武力対決にまで発展した。1985年のゴルバチョフ書記長登場を機に両国の対立は次第に和解へと向かい，1989年には30年ぶりの中ソ首脳会談がもたれた。1991年には江沢民(こうたくみん)総書記が訪ソし，中ソ東部国境協定に正式調印した。
→関連項目金日成｜ソビエト連邦｜中華人民共和国｜81ヵ国声明｜フルシチョフ

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