Chanchin - Chanchin

Japanese: チャンチン - ちゃんちん
Chanchin - Chanchin

A deciduous tall tree of the Meliaceae family (APG classification: Meliaceae). Also called Leidenbok. It grows to a height of 20-30 meters. The bark is gray-brown, vertically fissured, and peels off in thin strips. The leaves are alternate, even or odd-numbered, pinnate, compound, 25-50 cm long. There are 5-11 pairs of leaflets, which are egg-shaped oblong and about 10 cm long. Around July, a large panicle grows at the end of the branch, and many small white flowers bloom. There are 5 petals and 5 sepals, 5 stamens and 5 degenerate stamens. The capsule is oblong, about 2.5 cm long, ripens brown in autumn, is hairless, and splits into 5 mid-lobes to produce many seeds. The seeds, together with the wings at the top, are 1.5-1.7 cm long. Native to China, it appears to have been introduced to Japan during the Muromachi period, as recorded in Ichijo Kaneyoshi's (1402-1481) Sekiso Orai. The Japanese name, Chanchin, is a corruption of the Chinese name for this species, Shangchun. It is planted as a roadside tree and garden tree, and its new shoots are beautiful and red with a distinctive scent, and are used in fucha cuisine. The heartwood is a beautiful reddish brown, and is used for furniture, musical instruments, building materials, etc.

[Yoshio Kobayashi October 16, 2020]

Young shoots have a strong garlic-like scent and are used as a spice. They are often fried in oil or used as an ingredient in soups.

[Hiroshi Saito October 16, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

センダン科(APG分類:センダン科)の落葉高木。ライデンボクともいう。高さ20~30メートル。樹皮は灰褐色で縦に裂け、薄くはげる。葉は互生し、偶数または奇数の羽状複葉で長さ25~50センチメートル。小葉は5~11対あり、卵状長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で長さ約10センチメートル。7月ころ、枝先に大きな円錐(えんすい)花序を頂生し、小さな白色花を多数開く。花弁、萼片(がくへん)はともに5枚、雄しべと退化した雄しべが各5本ある。蒴果(さくか)は長楕円形で長さ約2.5センチメートル、秋に褐色に熟し、毛はなく、5中裂して多数の種子を出す。種子は上部にある翼とともに長さ1.5~1.7センチメートル。中国原産で室町時代には日本に渡来していたようで、一条兼良(いちじょうかねら)(1402―1481)の『尺素往来(せきそおうらい)』に記されている。和名のチャンチンは、本種の中国名である香椿(シャンチュン)が転訛(てんか)したもの。街路樹、庭木として植えられ、新芽は赤くて美しく、特有のにおいがあり、普茶料理に用いられる。材は心材が紅褐色で美しく、家具、楽器、建築材などにする。

[小林義雄 2020年10月16日]

 若芽にはガーリックに似た強い香りがあり、香辛料として用いられる。油で炒(いた)めたり、汁の具として使われることが多い。

[齋藤 浩 2020年10月16日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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