Criminal Law - Chizaiho

Japanese: 治罪法 - ちざいほう
Criminal Law - Chizaiho

This is the Code of Criminal Procedure, enacted in 1880 (Meiji 13) and put into effect on January 1, 1882, together with the old Criminal Code. It was originally drafted by the Frenchman Boissonade and is based on French law. The Criminal Procedure Code established systems such as the principle of public prosecution by the prosecutor, preliminary investigations, bail, and public trials. Since Boissonade's drafting, jury system had been mandatory for trials in the court of serious crimes, but the Cabinet deemed the jury system premature and removed it. It also opened the way for appeals for minor crimes. However, just before the Criminal Procedure Code came into effect, it was decided that the conditions for criminal appeals would not be implemented for the time being. It also provided for criminal courts, but this was because the Court Organization Act had not yet been enacted. It was abolished in 1890 when the Criminal Procedure Code came into effect.

[Ryosuke Ishii]

[Reference] | Boissonade

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1880年(明治13)に制定され、1882年1月1日に旧刑法とともに施行された刑事訴訟法典。フランス人ボアソナードが原案を起草したもので、フランス法系である。治罪法によって、検事公訴主義、予審、保釈、裁判公開などの制が確立された。ボアソナードの起案以来、重罪裁判所の裁判では陪審制を必須(ひっす)としていたが、内閣では陪審制は時期尚早であるとして、これを削除した。また軽罪につき控訴の道が開かれた。もっとも、治罪法の施行直前、その規定中、刑事の控訴に関する条件は当分実施しないことになった。刑事裁判所についても規定しているが、これはまだ裁判所構成法が制定されていなかったからである。1890年、刑事訴訟法の施行により廃止された。

[石井良助]

[参照項目] | ボアソナード

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