marking

Japanese: marking
marking

...The fact that song is a no-trespassing signal has also been shown in field experiments, such as when the hypoglossal nerve of a male blackbird is cut to stop it from singing, which leads to increased intrusions from nearby birds, when a great tit occupying a territory is artificially removed and its song is played from a speaker instead, newcomers are slower to establish in the territory than in a territory where the song is not played, and when the song of a neighboring individual and the song of an individual that the bird has never heard are both played from a speaker, the bird responds more strongly to the song of the individual that it has never heard (White-throated Sparrow). In mammals, such no-trespassing signals are mainly done by scent (marking), and the more advanced animals such as birds and mammals tend to avoid direct conflict.
[Territory to secure food]
What do animals protect by establishing territories?

*Some terminology explanations that mention "marking" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…さえずりが立入禁止信号であることは,ハゴロモガラスの雄の舌下神経を切断してさえずれなくすると,回りからの侵入頻度が増すことや,シジュウカラのなわばり占有個体を人為的に除去し,代りにスピーカーからその個体のさえずりを流しておくと,流さなかったなわばりより新参者の定着がずっと遅れるとか,隣接個体のさえずりと,聞いたことのない個体のさえずりの両方をスピーカーから流すと,聞いたことのない個体のさえずりに,より強く反応を示す(ノドジロシトド)などの野外実験からも示されている。こうしたなわばりへの立入禁止信号は,哺乳類の場合には主としてにおいづけ(マーキングmarking)によってなされており,鳥や哺乳類など高等な動物ほど直接的闘争を避けている傾向がある。
[食物を確保するためのなわばり]
 なわばりによって動物が守っているものはなんであろうか。…

※「marking」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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