Cesalpino, Andrea

Japanese: チェザルピーノ（英語表記）Cesalpino， Andrea

Born: June 6, 1519, Arezzo
Died: February 23, 1603. Italian naturalist and physician. He studied at the University of Pisa and the University of Padua, and became a physician at the age of 32. He served as director of the Botanical Garden of Pisa, professor of pharmacology at the University of Pisa (1563), and professor at the University of Rome (1592). He also served as physician to Pope Clement VIII. In addition to the traditional Theophrastus-style classification (centered on the distinction between woody and herbaceous plants) and classification based on utility, he proposed a groundbreaking classification method that emphasized the reproductive function of plants, centered on fruits and seeds as standard traits for classification, and divided plants into 15 classes taking into account the morphology of the corolla, stem, and root. His classification principles were later adopted by R. Morrison, J. Ray, and others, and also influenced C. Linnaeus. His main work is De plantis libri XVI (83).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1519.6.6. アレッツォ
[没]1603.2.23. ローマ
イタリアの博物学者，医者。ピサ大学，パドバ大学に学び，32歳で医学士となる。ピサの植物園長をつとめ，ピサ大学薬物学教授 (1563) ，ローマ大学教授 (92) 。教皇クレメンス8世の侍医もつとめる。従来のテオフラストス流の分類 (木本，草本の区別が中心) や効用に基づく分類に加えて，植物の繁殖機能を重視して，分類の基準形質として果実と種子を中心に据え，花冠，幹，根の形態を考慮して 15綱に大別するという画期的な分類法を提唱した。彼の分類原理は，のちの R.モリソン，J.レイなどに受継がれ，C.リンネにも影響を与えた。主著に『植物論』 De plantis libri XVI (83) がある。

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