Solo act - Tandokukoui

Japanese: 単独行為 - たんどくこうい
Solo act - Tandokukoui

A legal act that is established by only one expression of will. There are unilateral acts that require a specific person to be addressed (such as revocation and cancellation) and unilateral acts that do not require a specific person to be addressed (such as wills and donations). There are also unilateral acts that do not directly affect the rights and obligations of people other than the actor (for example, relinquishing ownership) and those that do (for example, debt forgiveness). Unilateral acts that adversely affect the rights of others are, by their nature, only recognized as effective to the extent that they are specifically permitted by law (for example, acts of adult wards, and expressions of will through fraud or duress). In addition, even within the same legal act, "contracts" that require the agreement of multiple parties because the interests of the parties are opposed, such as sales contracts, and "joint acts" that are directed to the same purpose by multiple parties, such as the establishment of a corporation, are distinguished from unilateral acts. There is a theory that acts of granting agency (authorization acts) are unilateral acts, but the theory that they are contracts is generally accepted.

[Toshio Takeuchi]

[Reference items] | Contract | Joint act | Authorizing act | Legal act

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一個の意思表示のみによって成立する法律行為をいう。これには、特定人に向かってなされることを必要とする相手方のある単独行為(取消し、解除など)と、その必要性のない相手方のない単独行為(遺言、寄付行為など)とがある。また、単独行為には、行為者以外の者の権利義務関係に直接に変動を生じさせないもの(たとえば、所有権の放棄)と、生じさせるもの(たとえば、債務免除)とがある。他人の権利に不利益な変動をもたらすような単独行為は、その性質上、法律によってとくに許された限りにおいてのみ効力を認められているにすぎない(たとえば、成年被後見人の行為や、詐欺または強迫による意思表示など)。なお同じ法律行為でも、売買契約などのように当事者同士の利益が相対立し複数人の合意を必要とする「契約」と、法人の設立などのように同じ目的のために複数の当事者の意思表示が向けられる「合同行為」は、単独行為と区別される。代理権授与行為(授権行為)に関しては、単独行為とする説もあるが契約とする説が一般的である。

[竹内俊雄]

[参照項目] | 契約 | 合同行為 | 授権行為 | 法律行為

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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