It is also called "dancha". It is a reprocessed tea unique to Chinese tea, made by steaming green tea, black tea, etc., solidifying it into a brick shape, and drying it. In China, it is also widely called compressed tea, and in addition to the brick-shaped type, there are also round (mochi-shaped), square, cylindrical, bowl-shaped, heart-shaped, and pillow-shaped types. "Bingcha" was already mentioned in the "Cha Jing" (Classic of Tea) of the Tang Dynasty, and in the Song Dynasty, Longfeng Brick Tea (Longfeng Brick Tea) was an exquisite product presented to the imperial court, so it has a long history. The raw material for the first-processed tea is green tea, black tea, etc., and in addition to simply heat-treating mature tea leaves, some are made through a complex process. Steam is applied to it to add moisture, and it is shaped with a press. Brick tea is sometimes exported overseas to overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, but it is mainly consumed by ethnic minorities living in the outskirts of China. Black brick tea (Heichou Wan Cha) and Fu brick tea (Huo Chao Wan Cha) from Hunan are consumed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia, green brick tea (Qing Chao Wan Cha) from Hubei is consumed in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Qinghai, red brick tea (Hong Chao Wan Cha) made from black tea is consumed in Xinjiang and Gansu, and cylindrical flower roll tea (Huo Chao Wan Cha) is consumed in Shanxi and Shaanxi. In Tibet, heart-shaped tight tea (Qing Cha) and cake tea from Yunnan and square bag tea (Fang Bao Cha) from Sichuan are popular. Famous teas include Pu'er tea from Xisapanna in Yunnan and Liubao tea from Guangxi. Mongolians and Tibetans enjoy brick tea in their own unique way. For example, in Tibet, people crush solid tea leaves, boil them in a pot, put them in a tea tub, add butter (suyou) made from boiled sheep's milk and salt, stir, transfer the mixture to a pot, and drink 20 to 30 cups a day while keeping it warm over a charcoal fire. This is called suyou tea or Tibetan tea, and can also be found in Lama temples in India. In Japan, tea production similar to brick tea is carried out in the mountain villages of Shikoku. Goishi tea from Ootoyo town, Kochi prefecture, is made by steaming tea leaves picked in July and August in large barrels and fermenting them on a mat indoors for about a week. The tea leaves are then transferred to a barrel and weighted down for another week. The tea leaves are then cut into one-inch cubes and dried in the sun to make the tea. [Yoshihiro Hamaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「だんちゃ」ともいう。緑茶、紅茶などの初製茶を蒸して、れんが状に固形化し乾燥させた中国茶独特の再加工茶。中国では広く緊圧茶(チンヤーチャー)ともいい、れんが状のもののほかに、円形(餅(もち)形)、方形、円柱形、碗(わん)形、心臓形、枕(まくら)形などのものがある。唐代の『茶経(ちゃきょう)』にすでに「餅茶(ピンチャー)」の記載があり、宋(そう)代には宮廷へ献上する極上品に竜鳳団茶(ロンフォントワンチャー)があり、その歴史は古い。原料とする初製茶は緑茶、紅茶などであり、成葉を簡単に熱処理したもののほか、複雑な工程を経てつくられたものもある。これに蒸気をかけ湿気を与え、圧搾機で整形する。磚茶は、東南アジアの華僑(かきょう)向けなどに国外へ輸出されることもあるが、おもに中国の辺境に住む少数民族に飲用されている。湖南産の黒磚茶(ヘイチョワンチャー)、茯磚茶(フオチョワンチャー)は新疆(しんきょう)、甘粛(かんしゅく)、青海(せいかい)、寧夏(ねいか)で、湖北産の青磚茶(チンチョワンチャー)は内蒙古(うちもうこ)、新疆、青海で、紅茶でつくられた紅磚茶(ホンチョワンチャー)は新疆、甘粛で、円柱形の花巻茶(ホワチュワンチャー)は山西、陝西(せんせい)でおもに消費されている。チベットでは、雲南産の心臓形の緊茶(チンチャー)や餅茶それに四川(しせん)産の方包茶(ファンパオチャー)が好まれる。名茶としては、雲南シーサパンナでつくられる普洱(プーアル)茶と広西の六堡茶(リウパオチャー)をあげることができる。 モンゴルやチベットの人々は磚茶を固有の飲み方で愛飲している。たとえばチベットでは、固形の茶葉を砕いて鍋(なべ)で煎(せん)じ、茶桶(おけ)に入れて、ヒツジの乳を煮つめてつくったバター(酥油)と食塩を加え攪拌(かくはん)し、それを壺(つぼ)に移しておき、炭火で温めながら、日に20、30杯も飲むといわれている。これは酥油茶(スーユーチャー)ともチベット茶ともよばれており、インドのラマ寺院でもみかけることがある。なお、日本でも、磚茶に類似した製茶が四国の山村で行われている。高知県大豊(おおとよ)町の碁石茶(ごいしちゃ)は、7、8月に摘んだ茶葉を大桶で蒸し、約1週間屋内の莚(むしろ)の上で発酵させたのち、桶に移して重石(おもし)を置いてさらに1週間近くつけ、茶塊を一寸角に切り、天日で乾燥させて製茶する。 [浜口義曠] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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