Bile pigment - Tanjuushikiso

Japanese: 胆汁色素 - タンジュウシキソ
Bile pigment - Tanjuushikiso

A pigment found in bile, the main components being the reddish-yellow bilirubin and the green biliverdin. The ratio and concentration of the two gives bile its various colors. The former is more prevalent in carnivores, while the latter is more prevalent in herbivores. It is a breakdown product of hemoglobin, and undergoes the metabolic pathway shown in the diagram. After hemoglobin is broken down in the reticular endothelial cells and iron and globin are released, biliverdin is produced first, which is then reduced to bilirubin. This forms a complex with proteins in the blood and is transported to the liver, where it binds with glucuronic acid and is excreted in bile. It is then sent to the intestine, where it is reduced by microorganisms to become urobilinogen. This is colorless, but when oxidized by air it becomes reddish-brown urobilin. The following reagents or reactions are used to detect bile pigments.
(1) Ehrlich aldehyde reagent (Ehrlich reaction),
(2) Ehrlich diazo reagent (van den Bergh reaction),
(3) When a sample is layered over Gmelin's reagent (1 part fuming nitric acid, 6 parts dilute nitric acid), the interface becomes yellow, red, purple, blue, and green from the bottom due to oxidation. The green color of the top layer, which is based on biliverdin, is considered a positive result (Gmelin's method).
(4) Alcohol solution of zinc acetate, which emits green fluorescence in the presence of urobilin (Schlesinger method).

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

胆汁中に含まれる色素で,赤黄色のビリルビンおよび緑色のビリベルジンを主成分とする.両者の量比および濃度によって,胆汁にさまざまな色を与える.肉食動物には前者が,草食動物には後者が多い.ヘモグロビンの分解産物で,図に示すような代謝経路を経る.網状内皮細胞中でヘモグロビンが分解されて鉄およびグロビンが離脱したのち,まずビリベルジンが生じ,ついでビリルビンに還元される.これが血液中のタンパク質と複合体をつくって肝臓に運ばれ,グルクロン酸と結合して胆汁中に排出される.ついで腸内に送られ,大腸で微生物による還元を受けてウロビリノーゲンになる.これは無色であるが,空気酸化を受けると赤褐色のウロビリンになる.胆汁色素の検出には次のような試薬または反応が用いられる.
(1)エールリヒのアルデヒド試薬(エールリヒ反応),
(2)エールリヒのジアゾ試薬(van den Bergh反応),
(3)グメリン試薬(発煙硝酸1:希硝酸6)に試料を重層すると,酸化作用により境界面に下から順に,黄,赤,紫,青,緑色を呈する.ビリベルジンにもとづく最上層の緑色をもって陽性と判定する(グメリン法),
(4)酢酸亜鉛のアルコール液,ウロビリンが存在すると緑色の蛍光を発する(Schlesinger法).

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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