Meaning the owner of a talqa (territory), it was one of the names given to feudal landowners in India. They were responsible for collecting land taxes and maintaining public order. During the Mughal Empire, like the zamindars, they were directly subordinate to the Mughal Empire. In the later Mughal Empire, they grew into a semi-independent political power. In regions such as Bengal and Awadh, small and medium-sized landlords under the control of a nawab were called talqdars. In 1856, the Awadh region was annexed by Britain, and the Indian Rebellion broke out the following year. At one time, the talqdars fought against the British, but were later appeased by the British. After the rebellion ended, British policy changed to one of recognizing their rights and using them as a pillar of colonial rule. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
タールカ (領地) の持主を意味し,インドの封建的土地所有者の名称の一つ。地租の徴収,治安維持などの任にあたった。ムガル帝国時代は,ザミーンダールと同様に,ムガル帝国に直属していた。ムガル帝国後期には,半独立的な政治権力に成長。ベンガルやアワドなどの地方では太守 (→ナワーブ ) の支配下にある中小領主層をタールクダールと称した。 1856年アワド地方がイギリスに編入されたことを一つの契機として,翌年勃発したインド大反乱では,一時,タールクダール層は反イギリス闘争を行なったが,のちイギリスに懐柔された。反乱終結後,イギリスの政策は彼らの諸権利を認め,彼らを植民地支配の柱として利用するものへと変った。
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