A scale with a wide platform on top of a combination of weighing levers to weigh heavy and bulky objects. For a long time, the only scales available were balance scales with a suspended pan and beam scales, which made it difficult to weigh heavy and bulky objects. The top-pan balance scale and top-pan beam scale, which support the pan on the weighing pan, were made possible in the 17th century by the discovery of a parallel motion mechanism (Roberval's mechanism) using an auxiliary beam developed by French mathematician Gilles Personne de Roberval (1602-1675), but these single beam scales had limitations on the size of the pan. So in 1774, a scale was invented in England that combined two levers into a fork shape and placed a platform on top of them. This was the beginning of today's platform scales. After this, there were no longer any restrictions on the size or weight of the platform, and scales that could weigh even freight cars weighing tens of tons were made. These scales use multiple combinations of levers to support the weight of the items and utilize leverage. Ultimately, the mass is read by balancing the scale with a graduated beam, an additional weight that is added or removed from its end, and a feed weight that moves along the scale; this is generally called a platform scale. However, there are also scales that balance with the elasticity of a spring instead of the graduated beam and weight. These are used in bathroom scales and are called spring-type indicating scales. There are also scales that use a pendulum and cam to balance with the angle of pendulum rotation. These are used on railways and are called the pendulum cam type. Recently, there have been many that extract the strain caused by the load on an elastic body as a change in electrical resistance, and are called electrical resistance types. These are also platform scales in the broad sense. [Koizumi Kesakatsu/Hidetaka Imai April 17, 2015] [Reference item] | |©Shogakukan "> Principle diagram of platform scale Truck scales (underground platform scales) are installed at highway entrances and other locations. They measure the weight of loaded trucks. ©Shogakukan "> Platform scale Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
重くかさばる物を計るため、計りてこを組み合わせて、その上に広い載せ台を設けた秤。長い間、秤は皿を吊(つ)った天秤(てんびん)とさお秤だけで、重くかさばるものは計りにくかった。皿を計り皿の上に支える上皿天秤と上皿さお秤は、17世紀に、フランスの数学者ロバーバル(ロべルバルとも。Gilles Personne de Roberval(1602―1675))の開発した補助のさおを使った平行運動機構(ロバーバルの機構)の発見によって実現したが、これらは単一のさお秤で皿の大きさに限界があった。そこで二つのてこをそれぞれフォーク形にして組み合わせ、この上に台を載せる秤が1774年イギリスで発明された。これがいまの台秤の始まりである。これ以後載せ台の大きさにも、重さにも制約はなくなり、数十トンの貨車まで計れるものがつくられるようになった。これらはてこを何段にも組み合わせて品物の荷重を受け、てこ比を利用している。最終的には目盛りざおと、その先端に加除する増しおもりと、目盛りざおに沿って動く送りおもりでつり合わせて質量を読み取り、これが一般に台秤とよばれる。一方この目盛りざおとおもりのかわりに、ばねの弾性とつり合わせるものがある。体重計などに用いられているが、これはばね式指示秤とよばれる。また振り子とカムを使って振り子の回転角とつり合わせるものがある。これは鉄道などに使われており、振り子カム式とよばれる。最近は弾性体の荷重によるひずみを電気抵抗の変化として取り出すものが多くなっており、電気抵抗式という。これらも広い意味における台秤である。 [小泉袈裟勝・今井秀孝 2015年4月17日] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 台秤の原理図 高速道路の入り口などに設置されるトラックスケール(地中台秤)。荷物を積んだトラックの重量を測定する©Shogakukan"> 台秤 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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