Stingray - Akaei

Japanese: アカエイ - あかえい
Stingray - Akaei

A general term for a family or genus of the order Dasyatidae, or the name of one of its species. The Dasyatidae family (stingrays) are characterized by a flat body disk formed by the pectoral and pelvic fins, a whip-shaped tail without a dorsal or caudal fin, and a venomous spine with one to three barbs on the back of the tail. The barbs on the edge of the venomous spines on the tail can cause severe wounds, bleeding, pain, and can cause loss of consciousness or paralysis. If the spines are stuck in the skin, remove them to stop the bleeding. If the pain is severe, soaking the affected area in warm water (40-45°C) that is not hot enough to burn the skin will relieve the pain. Five species of the Hemitrygon stingray are known to be found in the waters off Japan, including the red stingray H. akajei , the long-tailed ray H. bennetti , and the Izu-hime ray H. izuensis .

The species whip stingray was first discovered in 1841 (Tenpo 12) in the southwestern part of Japan. It can be distinguished from other species by the yellow ventral surface of the disc, especially the dark yellow margins. It grows to over 1 meter in length. It reproduces non-placental, viviparous, and once the fetus has absorbed its own egg yolk, it grows on uterine milk (a lipid nutrient secreted from the mother's uterine wall) from the mother. It gives birth to 7-25 young in the spring. It is found in various parts of Japan south of Hokkaido and in the East China Sea, but is commonly seen off the coast of southern Japan. It often burrows into the sand, so swimmers should be careful not to step on it and get stung. It is mainly caught with longlines and gill nets, and is delicious when boiled or made with vinegared miso in the summer. It is listed as Near Threatened (NT) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (as of August 2021).

[Kazuhiro Nakatani September 17, 2021]

[Reference] | A
Stingray (ecology)
It has a flat body and often buries itself in the sand. The poisonous stinger on its tail contains a neurotoxin. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

Stingray (ecology)

Major types of rays (1) [specimen illustration]
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Major types of rays (1) [specimen illustration]


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軟骨魚綱トビエイ目の科や属の総称、またはその1種の名称。アカエイ科Dasyatidae(英名stingrays)は胸びれと腹びれで扁平(へんぺい)な体盤を形成すること、尾が鞭(むち)状で背びれや尾びれがないこと、尾部の背部に1~3本の逆棘(とげ)をもった毒針をもつことなどが大きな特徴である。尾部の毒棘の縁辺には逆棘が並んでいるため、刺されるとひどい傷を負い、出血や痛みを感じ、意識障害や麻痺(まひ)症状をおこすことがある。棘が刺さっている場合には抜いて止血をする。痛みが強い場合はやけどをしない程度の温湯(40~45℃)に患部をつけると痛みが和らぐ。アカエイ属Hemitrygonは、日本近海からはアカエイH. akajei、オナガエイH. bennetti、イズヒメエイH. izuensisなど5種が知られている。

 種としてのアカエイ(英名whip stingray)は1841年(天保12)に日本の南西部よりとれた標本に基づいて発表されたもので、体盤の腹面が黄色で、とくに縁辺部は濃黄色であることによって他種と区別できる。全長1メートルを超える。生殖方法は非胎盤型の胎生で、胎仔(たいし)は自分の卵黄を吸収してしまうと母体から子宮ミルク(母親の子宮壁から分泌される脂質栄養物)を受けて成育する。春に7~25尾の子を産む。北海道以南の日本各地および東シナ海などに分布するが、南日本の沿岸では普通にみられる。砂中に潜っていることが多いので、遊泳者などは踏みつけて刺されないように注意が必要である。おもに延縄(はえなわ)や刺網(さしあみ)で漁獲され、夏季には煮つけや酢みそにすると美味である。国際自然保護連合(IUCN)のレッド・リストでは、準絶滅危惧(きぐ)(NT)に指定されている(2021年8月時点)。

[仲谷一宏 2021年9月17日]

[参照項目] | エイ
アカエイ(生態)
扁平な体盤で、砂中に潜っていることが多い。尾の毒針には神経毒がある©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

アカエイ(生態)

エイのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕
©冨田百秋">

エイのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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