Sanshiro Ishikawa

Anarchist. Born in Saitama Prefecture on May 23, 1876. After graduating from high school, he moved to Tokyo and studied hard as a clerk. After graduating from Tokyo Law School (the predecessor to Chuo University), he joined Yorozuchoho in 1902 (Meiji 35) and was active in the Risododan lectures. In 1903, he resigned from Yorozuchoho, joining Heiminsha, where he developed his anti-war views based on the Heimin Shimbun. After the Heiminsha was dissolved, he published the Christian socialist magazine Shinkigen with Kinoshita Naoe and others. He then worked on editing the daily Heimin Shimbun and Sekai Fujin, but was imprisoned twice for a literary scandal. During his imprisonment, he devoted himself to studying the history of Western social movements, and his eyes were opened to anarchism through the books of E. Carpenter. After the High Treason Incident, he escaped from Japan in 1913 (Taisho 2) and travelled around Belgium, France, England and other places, living as a laborer. He also deepened his anarchist ideas through his interactions with Paul Reclus and E. Carpenter. In 1920, he returned to Japan, and in the democratic climate of the time, he translated democracy as "native life" from the perspective of emphasizing self-governance, and participated in the movement of farmers' self-governing associations. In 1927 (Showa 2), he lived in Chitose Village on the outskirts of Tokyo, founded the Kyogakusha Co-education Society, and lived the "native life" himself. In 1933, he traveled to Beijing, where he came into contact with Chinese culture, and from this point on he devoted himself to the study of the history of Eastern culture. After the Second World War, he founded the Japan Anarchist League in 1946 (Showa 21), became an advisor, and devoted himself to promoting anarchism.

[Kenzo Kitagawa]

"The Collected Works of Ishikawa Sanshiro" (1977-79, Seidosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

アナキスト。明治9年5月23日埼玉県に生まれる。高等小学校卒業後上京、書生として苦学。東京法学院（中央大学の前身）卒業後、1902年（明治35）『萬朝報(よろずちょうほう)』に入社、理想団講演会で活躍。03年幸徳秋水、堺利彦(さかいとしひこ)らの非戦論に共鳴して『萬朝報』を辞め、平民社に入り『平民新聞』に拠(よ)り非戦論を展開。平民社解散後、木下尚江(なおえ)らとキリスト教社会主義の雑誌『新紀元』を発行した。ついで日刊『平民新聞』、『世界婦人』の編集に携わるが、筆禍事件で二度入獄。獄中で西洋社会運動史の研究に没頭、またE・カーペンターの書物を通じてアナキズムに目を開いた。大逆事件ののち、13年（大正2）日本を脱出、ベルギー、フランス、イギリスなどを転々とし、労働者として生活した。またポール・ルクリュ、E・カーペンターらとの交流を通じてアナキズム思想を深めた。20年帰国、当時のデモクラシーの風潮のなかで、自治を重視する立場からデモクラシーを「土民生活」と訳し、農民自治会の運動などにも参与した。27年（昭和2）には東京郊外の千歳(ちとせ)村に住み、共学社を創立して、自ら「土民生活」を送った。33年には北京(ペキン)に渡り中国文化に触れ、これを機に以後、東洋文化史研究に没頭した。第二次世界大戦後、46年（昭和21）日本アナキスト連盟を設立、顧問となりアナキズムの宣伝に力を注いだ。

［北河賢三］

『『石川三四郎著作集』（1977～79・青土社）』

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