Impromptu (French: impromptu)

Japanese: 即興曲 - そっきょうきょく(英語表記)impromptu フランス語
Impromptu (French: impromptu)

A short instrumental piece, also called an impromptu. It is especially common in Romantic piano pieces. Before the 19th century, it meant an interlude or a special canon. However, the title "Impromptu" in the modern sense is said to have been first used in 1817 by the Czech composer Jan Hugo Voříšek (1791-1825). From this time on, the term became popular for piano pieces that showed the new style of Romanticism, and it played an important role as one of the so-called character pieces. Schubert's eight impromptu pieces written around 1827 are the most famous, but the first four (D899) were given titles by the publisher. Impromptu pieces are not actually improvised, but are pieces that freely develop musical ideas that came to the composer's mind. Therefore, there is a wide variety of forms, from ternary form (Schubert, Chopin, Faure) to variations (Schumann, Balakirev).

[Toshiko Sekine]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アンプロンプチュともよばれる器楽小品。とくにロマン派のピアノ曲に多い。19世紀以前には幕間劇や特殊なカノンを意味していた。しかし、今日のような意味での即興曲という表題は、1817年にチェコの作曲家ボルシジェクJan Hugo Voříšek(1791―1825)が最初に用いたといわれる。このころからロマン派の新しい様式を示すピアノ曲にこのことばが流行し、いわゆるキャラクター・ピース(性格的小品)の一つとして重要な役割を果たすことになる。シューベルトが1827年ごろに書いた八曲の即興曲がもっとも有名だが、最初の四曲(D899)は出版社がつけたタイトルである。即興曲は、実際に即興でつくられたものではなく、作曲家の頭のなかにひらめいた楽想を自由に展開した作品である。したがって形式も、三部形式(シューベルト、ショパン、フォーレ)から、変奏曲(シューマン、バラキレフ)まで多種多様なものがみいだされる。

[関根敏子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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