Societas (English spelling)

Japanese: ソキエタス（英語表記）societas

A Roman partnership formed on the basis of a contract in which several parties promise to provide each other with benefits in order to achieve a common purpose. Each party provided funds, goods, technology, rights, labor, etc., and each shared equally in profits and losses unless otherwise agreed. During the classical period of Roman law, partnerships were classified into four types according to their purpose: partnerships of all property, partnerships of acquired property, partnerships of a specific business, and partnerships of specific objects or actions. Partnerships in which acquired property was promised to be held in common were practiced on a large scale from around the 2nd century BC.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

共通の目的を達成するために，数人の当事者が相互に給付を約することによって成立する契約にもとづいて形成されたローマ時代の組合。各当事者は資金，物品，技術，権利，労働などを提供し，おのおのは他にとり決めがなければ利益も損失も同様に分けあった。ローマ法の古典時代には組合はその目的に従って，全財産の組合，獲得財産の組合，特定の事業の組合，特定の物または行為の組合の4種類に分類された。前2世紀ころから大規模に行われたのが獲得財産を共通とすべきことを約する組合であった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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