Soong Ching-ling

Chinese politician. Mrs. Sun Yat-sen. Born on Hainan Island in Guangdong Province. Her elder sister, Soong Ailing, was the wife of Kong Xiangxi, her younger sister, Soong Meiling, was the wife of Chiang Kai-shek, and her younger brother, Soong Tzu-wen, was a key figure in the Kuomintang and government, making them members of a distinguished family. All three sisters studied at Wellesley College in the United States. After the Xinhai Revolution, she became secretary to Provisional President Sun Yat-sen, and later defected to Japan with him, where she married Sun Yat-sen, who was 25 years older than her, in 1914 (Taisho 3). After the death of Sun Yat-sen (1925), he became an executive committee member of the Kuomintang and was active as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang. Together with Lu Xun, he formed the China League for the Protection of Civil Civil Rights. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was involved in liaison and cooperation between the Nationalist Government in Chongqing and the Chinese Communist Party in Yan'an through activities such as the International Red Cross. In 1948, he joined the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee along with Li Jishen and others, and attempted internal reform of the Kuomintang. With the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he was appointed Vice President of the State, and since 1954 has served as a representative of the National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of its Standing Committee.

[Yuzo Kato]

"Selected Works of Soong Ching-ling, translated by Fumiko Niki (1979, Domesu Publishing)" ▽ "Soong Ching-ling, Volumes 1 and 2, by Israel Epstein, translated by Hiroko Kubota (1995, Simul Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の政治家。孫文夫人。広東(カントン)省海南島出身。姉の宋靄齢(あいれい)は孔祥煕(こうしょうき)夫人、妹の宋美齢(びれい)は蒋介石(しょうかいせき)夫人、弟の宋子文(しぶん)は国民党・政府の要人という名家の1人である。三姉妹ともアメリカのウェルズリー大学に学んだ。辛亥(しんがい)革命後に孫文臨時大総統の秘書となり、のち彼とともに日本に亡命、1914年（大正3）、日本で25歳年上の孫文と結婚した。孫文死去（1925）後、国民党執行委員となり、以後国民党左派として活躍、魯迅(ろじん)らと中国民権保障同盟を結成、また国際赤十字などの活動を通じて日中戦争中は重慶(じゅうけい)の国民政府と延安(えんあん)の中国共産党との連絡、国共合作に従事した。1948年、李済深(りさいしん)らの国民党革命委員会に参加、国民党の党内改革を試みた。中華人民共和国の成立とともに国家副主席に就任、また1954年以来、全国人民代表大会代表、同常務委員会の副委員長を務めた。

［加藤祐三］

『仁木ふみ子訳『宋慶齢選集』（1979・ドメス出版）』▽『イスラエル・エプシュタイン著、久保田博子訳『宋慶齢』上下（1995・サイマル出版会）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例