Mental development
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A series of changes in mental functions that occur as an individual grows. This concept is used especially when trying to distinguish it from the growth of physical structures and functions. However, in the early stages of an individual's development, it is not always appropriate to treat the two separately. In general, the process of mental development is more difficult to quantitatively describe than physical growth, but it is possible to measure the degree of an individual's mental development by capturing the increase or change in various mental tasks such as the precision of discrimination, memory capacity, vocabulary size, and number operations. Various intelligence tests are tools for this purpose. However, in this case, it is often more appropriate to view mental development as a process of repeated transitions to higher stages rather than as a cumulative increase in each ability. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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個体の成長の過程によって生じる系列的な心的機能の変化のこと。特に身体的な構造や機能の成長と区別しようとするときに用いられる概念。ただし，個体の成育の初期には，この両者を分離して扱うことは必ずしも適切ではない。一般に精神発達の過程は身体的成長に比して量的な記述がより困難であるが，弁別の精密さ，記憶量，語彙数，数操作など種々の精神的作業量の増大や変化をとらえ個体の精神発達の程度を測定しうる。各種の知能検査はそのための道具となっている。ただしこの場合，精神発達を，累積的な各能力の増加としてとらえるよりも，より高度な段階へと移行を繰返していく過程としてとらえるほうが適切であることが多い。
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