Senega (English spelling) Seneca snake root

Japanese: セネガ - せねが(英語表記)Seneca snake root
Senega (English spelling) Seneca snake root

A perennial plant of the Polygalaceae family (APG classification: Polygalaceae). It is found in central North America (from Missouri in the south to Manitoba in Canada in the north). Several stems emerge from the ground, and from the stems that are 15 to 30 cm tall, leaves without petioles grow alternately. The leaves are lanceolate with pointed tips. Small white flowers grow densely at the ends of the stems in June, forming spikes. The flowers are butterfly-shaped, with five sepals and three petals, the two lateral petals are oblong and white, and the lower petal is pale green and split into a tuft at the tip. There are eight stamens, and the filaments are fused together. The plant found in southern North America (from Virginia to Texas) has slightly broad, egg-lanceolate leaves and produces many fine roots, so it is considered a variant, called P. senega var. latifolia Torr. et Gray. In Japan, this species is cultivated in Hyogo and Kochi prefectures. The name Senega comes from the fact that the Seneca people, natives of North America, used this plant to treat poisonous snakebites. Today, the roots are used as an expectorant to treat bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Its pharmacological action is said to be due to the synergistic effect of the saponin senegin (6-10%) contained in the roots and methyl salicylate.

[Motoo Nagasawa November 20, 2019]

[Reference] | Expectorants | Saponins

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ヒメハギ科(APG分類:ヒメハギ科)の多年草。北アメリカの中央部(南はミズーリ州から北はカナダのマニトバ州まで)に分布する。地表から茎を数個出し、高さ15~30センチメートルとなる茎からは葉柄のない葉が互生する。葉は披針(ひしん)形で先がとがる。6月ころ白色の小さい花が茎の先に密につき、穂状花序をつくる。花は蝶(ちょう)形で、萼片(がくへん)5個、花弁3個からなり、2個の側弁は長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で白色、下弁は淡緑色で先端が房状に分かれる。雄しべは8本で花糸は合生している。北アメリカ南部(バージニア州からテキサス州まで)に分布するものは葉がやや広く、卵状披針形となり、細根を多数生ずるので変種とされ、ヒロハセネガP. senega var. latifolia Torr. et Grayという。この種は、日本では兵庫県、高知県などで栽培されている。セネガの名は、北アメリカ先住民のセネカ人がこの植物を毒蛇の咬傷(こうしょう)の治療に用いていたことによる。現在はこの根を去痰(きょたん)剤として気管支炎、気管支喘息(ぜんそく)の治療に用いている。薬理的な作用は、根に含まれているセネギンというサポニン(6~10%)とサリチル酸メチルエステルの共力作用によるといわれている。

[長沢元夫 2019年11月20日]

[参照項目] | 去痰剤 | サポニン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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