Mushroom termite - Mushroom Termite

Japanese: キノコシロアリ - きのこしろあり
Mushroom termite - Mushroom Termite

...The mounds function as an extension of the nest below, as well as keeping the nest warm and preventing rainwater from seeping in. Termites that build mounds are mostly from the subfamily Compositinae and Subterranean Termites, both of which are found only in the tropics. Some Compositinae nests can reach a height of 6m and a diameter of 30m. The interior is made up of numerous small chambers and fungus chambers, and the temperature, humidity, and gas concentrations are regulated by upper and lower air chambers and air pipes in the outer wall.

From [Termites]

In the higher termite family, bacteria play this role instead of symbiotic protozoa, and many of them feed on decomposed plant matter such as decay fungi. The fungus-growing termite family (known as Formosan termites in Japan) has a fungus chamber in their nest and cultivates the giant termite mushroom for food.
[Role in the ecosystem]
The construction of nests and trails using soil and excretions, the collection of food, and the development of tunnels have had a major impact on the soil in tropical regions over a long period of time, resulting in the formation of unique strata in Africa and Australia.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "mushroom termites" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この塚はその下にある巣の延長としての機能のほかに,巣の保温と雨水の浸入を防ぐ働きがある。塚をつくるシロアリ類はキノコシロアリ亜科とツカシロアリ亜科に多く,いずれも分布は熱帯に限られている。キノコシロアリ類の巣には高さ6m,直径30mに達するものがあり,内部は多数の小室と菌室から構成され,上下の空気室と外壁の空気管によって温・湿度とガス濃度が調節されている。…

【シロアリ(白蟻)】より

…高等なシロアリ科では共生原生動物の代りにバクテリアがこの役割をしているものがあり,また腐朽菌などで分解の進んだ植物質を食べるものも多い。キノコシロアリの仲間(日本ではタイワンシロアリ)は巣の中に菌室があり,オオシロアリタケを栽培して食物にしている。
[生態系における役割]
 土や排出物による巣やアリ道の構築,食物の採取,孔道の発達などによって熱帯地方では長期間に土壌に大きな影響があり,アフリカやオーストラリアでは特有の地層ができている。…

※「キノコシロアリ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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