The original word for "philosophy," philosophia, was created in the classical period of ancient Greece, and passed down almost exactly to modern European languages via Latin, with no corresponding word found in other cultural spheres. Strictly speaking, therefore, "philosophy" is a special form of "knowledge" that is unique to the cultural sphere known as the "West," and moreover to a specific historical period. Names such as "Indian philosophy" and "Chinese philosophy" are either expressions of the Sinocentric view of Europeans who believe that they can use the categories of their own culture to judge other cultures, or are simply names based on extremely crude analogies. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
〈哲学〉の原語である〈フィロソフィアphilosophia〉という言葉は,古代ギリシアの古典時代につくられたものであり,それがラテン語を経て近代ヨーロッパ諸語にほぼそのままの形で受けつがれてきているのであって,他の文化圏にはそれに当たる言葉は見あたらない。したがって,厳密に言うなら〈哲学〉とは〈西洋〉と呼ばれる文化圏の,しかも特定の歴史的時代に固有の特殊な〈知〉の在り方である。〈インド哲学〉〈中国哲学〉といった呼び名は,おのれの文化のカテゴリーでもって他の文化をも裁断しうると考えるヨーロッパ人の中華思想の表れであるか,あるいはきわめて粗雑な類比にもとづく命名でしかない。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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