Eucharistia; holy communion

Japanese: 聖餐 - せいさん（英語表記）Eucharistia; holy communion

It refers to the Last Supper, which the New Testament tells us was centered on bread and wine and which Jesus shared with his disciples just before he was crucified, and the liturgical meal that the church later performed as a reenactment of it. The latter is particularly called the Eucharist or the Celebration of Thanksgiving, and is at the center of the liturgy of Christian churches, but its meaning, origin, and style of celebration vary considerably depending on the era and the church. The Roman Catholic Church emphasizes the significance of Christ's sacrifice in the Eucharist, and generally calls it the Mass or Eucharist instead of the Eucharist, and uses the term holy communion to refer to the reception of the Eucharist during Mass. In the Greek Orthodox Church, the Eucharist is called the Divine Liturgy. It is generally understood that by reading the Bible, praying, and offering bread and wine, and then receiving them, one enters into communion with Christ who died on the cross and was resurrected.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

新約聖書が伝える，イエスが十字架につけられる直前に弟子たちとともにしたパンとぶどう酒を中心とした最後の晩餐，およびのちに教会がその再現として執行してきた典礼的会食をいう。後者は特に聖餐式，感謝の祭儀と呼ばれ，キリスト教会の典礼の中心となっているが，その意義，起源，執行様式などについては時代と各教会とに従って理解にかなりの相違がある。ローマ・カトリック教会は聖餐におけるキリストの犠牲の意義を強調し，一般には聖餐に代えてミサあるいは聖体祭儀と呼び，holy communionはミサ中の聖体拝領をさす語として用いる。ギリシア正教会では聖餐を聖体礼儀という。聖書奉読，祈祷，パンとぶどう酒の奉献，その拝領などによって十字架上で死に，復活したキリストとの交わりに入ると理解することがほぼ共通している。

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