Air superiority is the ability to control and manage the air in a certain airspace, and is a state in which one has greater combat effectiveness than the enemy's air power. Air superiority is a state in which friendly aircraft can operate freely, and has the same meaning as air supremacy. A similar term is control of the air, but whereas air superiority refers to a "state," this term also includes the meaning of "ability" such as managing the airspace. To gain air superiority, fighter planes are usually used to patrol the airspace they are responsible for and to protect friendly forces from the air. Maintaining or expanding superiority in the airspace thus controlled for a certain period of time is called air superiority battle. Securing air superiority secures and maintains the freedom of action to carry out air operations against the enemy. In modern battles, even on land or at sea, overwhelming the enemy with air power is the basis of carrying out operations, and victory is difficult without air superiority. However, in irregular warfare such as guerrilla warfare, the value of air superiority is limited, and when it is clear that the enemy is inferior in air power, irregular warfare is adopted. Even when air superiority is secured, the main issue of air superiority is considered to be how much damage can be reduced and the operation can be carried out effectively. [Kenichi Aoki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一定の空域で、空中を支配・管制する能力のことで、敵の航空戦力を上回る大きな戦闘効力をもった状態を航空優勢の確保という。航空優勢air superiorityは、味方の航空機が自由に行動できる状態のことで、制空権の確保と同じ意味である。また似た言葉では、航空環境の支配control of the airがあるが、これは航空優勢が「状態」を示すのに対し、空域を管理するなどの「能力」的な意味合いも含んでいる。 航空優勢の獲得には通常は戦闘機が使われ、担当空域の哨戒(しょうかい)、味方部隊の空からの防護を行う。こうして制圧した空域での優勢を、一定時間にわたって維持したり、あるいは拡張することを制空戦闘という。航空優勢を確保することは、敵に対して航空作戦を遂行するための行動の自由を確保し、維持することになる。現代の戦闘では、陸戦や海戦であっても、航空戦力によって敵を圧倒することが作戦遂行の基盤になっており、航空優勢を獲得していなければ勝利は困難になった。ただ、ゲリラ戦などの不正規戦では、航空優勢の価値も限定的なものとなり、航空戦力で相手よりも劣勢が明らかな場合には、不正規戦の形がとられる。また、航空優勢を確保する場合でも、どれだけ損害を減らし、かつ効果的に作戦を進められるかが、航空優勢の主要課題として考えられている。 [青木謙知] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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