This is a Buddhist temple located on the outskirts of Shravasti (Shavashvich), the capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kosala. It is called Gijugikkodokuon (Gijugikkodokuon). It got its name from the fact that the wealthy man Gijugikkodoku (real name Sudatta) bought Prince Gida's forest, covered it with gold, and built a temple and pagoda here. Shosha means monastery. It is said that Shakyamuni (Buddha) often visited this garden, and spent 19 rainy retreats there during his lifetime. Many sutras were preached here, and the setting for the Amitabha Sutra, one of the three sutras of the Pure Land, is also set here. However, it is said that it had already fallen into ruin when Faxian (335?-421?) and Xuanzang (600/602-664) visited. Based on these descriptions, the British A. Cunningham (1814-93) excavated the ruins of Saheth Maheth in present-day Uttar Pradesh and determined that this was Shravasti and that the village of Saheth within it was Jetavana. The ruins are currently preserved by the Indian government and managed as a park. The name Jetavana became widely known due to the opening line of The Tale of the Heike, "The sound of the bell at Jetavana has the echo of impermanence." [Shoji Mori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代インドのコーサラ国の首都シュラーバスティー(舎衛城(しゃえいじょう))郊外にあった仏教の寺院。詳しくは祇樹給孤独園(ぎじゅぎっこどくおん)という。給孤独(本名、須達(スダッタ))長者が祇陀(ぎだ)太子の樹林を黄金を敷き詰めて買い取り、ここに堂塔伽藍(がらん)を建てたところからこの名がある。精舎は僧院の意。この園林には釈尊(しゃくそん)(仏陀(ぶっだ))もしばしば足を運び、在世中十九度の雨安居(うあんご)を過ごしたと伝えられる。またここで多くの経典が説かれ、浄土(じょうど)三部経の一つ『阿弥陀経(あみだきょう)』もここに舞台が設定されている。しかし法顕(ほっけん)(335?―421?)や玄奘(げんじょう)(600/602―664)が訪れたときにはすでに荒廃していたという。これらの記述をもとにイギリスのA・カニンガム(1814―93)が現在のウッタル・プラデシュ州のサヘート・マヘートSaheth Mahethの遺跡を発掘し、ここが舎衛城であり、その中のサヘート村が祇園精舎であると比定した。この遺跡は現在インド政府によって保存され、公園として管理されている。『平家物語』冒頭の句「祇園精舎の鐘の声、諸行無常(しょぎょうむじょう)の響あり」によって、祇園精舎の名は人口に膾炙(かいしゃ)している。 [森 章司] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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