Ionic reaction - Ionhannou (English spelling) Ionic reaction

Japanese: イオン反応 - いおんはんのう(英語表記)ionic reaction
Ionic reaction - Ionhannou (English spelling) Ionic reaction

This refers to a chemical reaction between ions or involving ions, but it mainly refers to reactions in electrolyte solutions.

Most reactions in aqueous solutions are ionic reactions, including precipitation reactions, complex formation reactions, acid-base reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions. A chemical reaction equation that expresses an ionic reaction is called an ionic reaction equation. For example, the reaction of adding an aqueous solution of sodium chloride to an aqueous solution of silver nitrate to precipitate silver chloride is expressed as follows:
Ag + + Cl- →AgCl↓
As shown below, the reaction is usually written with only the ions involved.
Ni 2+ +4CN - →[Ni(CN) 4 ] 2-
Examples of oxidation-reduction reactions include:
MnO4- + 5Fe2 ++8H +
→Mn2 + + 5Fe3 + + 4H2O
etc.

Ionization of gas molecules by radiation and oxidation-reduction on electrode surfaces are also ionic reactions.

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

Cationoid and anionoid reactions

In the reaction of organic compounds, if a mechanism is considered in which substances other than ions act as ionic substances in the reaction process, it is called an ionic reaction. For example, in the Friedel-Crafts reaction in which benzene is reacted with an alkyl halide in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride to obtain alkylbenzene, the reaction appears to be
C6H6 +RCl C6H5R + HCl
The alkyl group acts as a cation. This type of reaction is called a cationoid reaction, or an electrophilic reaction. Conversely, in the reaction in which ammonia is added to acetaldehyde,
CH 3 CHO+NH 3 →CH 3 CH(OH)NH 2
An anionic amino group is added to the carbon atom of the aldehyde group, and this type of reaction is called an anionoid reaction, or a nucleophilic or nucleophilic reaction.

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イオン間あるいはイオンが関与する化学反応のことをさすが、主として電解質溶液内の反応をいう。

 水溶液での反応の多くはイオン反応で、沈殿生成反応、錯生成反応、酸塩基反応、酸化還元反応などがある。イオン反応を表す化学反応式をイオン反応式とよび、たとえば硝酸銀水溶液に塩化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて塩化銀を沈殿させる反応を、
  Ag++Cl-→AgCl↓
のように、反応に関与するイオンだけで書くことが多い。錯生成反応の例として、
  Ni2++4CN-→[Ni(CN)4]2-
酸化還元反応の例として、
  MnO4-+5Fe2++8H+
   →Mn2++5Fe3++4H2O
などがある。

 放射線による気体分子のイオン化や電極表面での酸化還元もイオン反応である。

[岩本振武]

カチオノイド反応とアニオノイド反応

有機化合物の反応において、イオン以外の物質でも反応過程でイオン性物質として作用する機構が考えられるときにはイオン反応とよぶ。たとえば無水塩化アルミニウムの存在下でベンゼンにハロゲン化アルキルを作用させてアルキルベンゼンを得るフリーデル‐クラフツ反応では、見かけ上、
  C6H6+RCl→C6H5R+HCl
アルキル基が陽イオンとして作用している。このような反応をカチオノイド反応、あるいは求電子反応、親電子反応という。逆に、アセトアルデヒドにアンモニアが付加する反応では、
  CH3CHO+NH3→CH3CH(OH)NH2
アルデヒド基の炭素原子に陰イオン性のアミノ基が付加しており、このような反応をアニオノイド反応、あるいは求核反応、親核反応という。

[岩本振武]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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