The sternum is a long, rectangular, flat bone located in the center of the anterior wall of the thorax, with the upper part tilting forward and the lower part tilting backward. The sternum is divided into three parts from the top. The upper bone is called the manubrium, and is a diamond-shaped flat bone. At the top of this bone is a depression called the cervical notch, which can be felt subcutaneously, and just below this there are clavicular notches on both sides, which form joints with the inner ends of the left and right clavicles. The first costal cartilage is attached to the outer edge just below the clavicular notch. Below the manubrium is the body of the sternum, which is roughly rectangular. The body of the sternum and the manubrium are connected by cartilage, and this joint protrudes slightly forward and can be felt from the surface of the body. The second costal cartilage is attached to the outside of this part, which is an important indicator when counting the ribs from the surface of the body. The tracheal bifurcation is also at this height. Four pairs of costal cartilages (third to sixth) are attached to the body of the sternum. The lowest part of the sternum is the xiphoid process, which is located in the area known as the "solar plexus." It is often of irregular shape, but is roughly elongated and spatula-like, with a circular hole in the center and the bone being split vertically in two. The seventh costal cartilage is attached to the outside of the joint with the body of the sternum. The joint between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process ossifies with age. The sternum is generally longer and wider in men than in women. The bone marrow of the sternum contains red bone marrow, which is responsible for hematopoiesis throughout life, so bone marrow from the sternum is often used for bone marrow tests. Bone marrow is collected by sternal puncture. [Kazuyo Shimai] [References] | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Names of the ribs Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
胸郭の前壁の正中部にある縦に長い長方形の板状骨をいい、上方が前方に、下方が後方にやや傾いている。胸骨は上方から3部分に分けられる。上部骨は胸骨柄(へい)とよばれる部分で、菱(りょう)形の扁平骨(へんぺいこつ)である。この骨の上端には皮下に触れることができる頸切痕(けいせっこん)とよぶくぼみがあり、そのすぐ下方の両側に鎖骨切痕が存在し、左右の鎖骨の内側端と関節をつくっている。また、鎖骨切痕のすぐ下方の外側縁には第1肋軟骨(ろくなんこつ)が結合している。胸骨柄の下方には胸骨体とよばれる部分が続き、この骨はほぼ長方形である。胸骨体と胸骨柄とは軟骨で結合し、この結合部はやや前方に突出していて体表から触れることができる。この部分の外側には第2肋軟骨がつくので、肋骨を体表から数えるときの重要な指標となる。また、気管分岐部も、ちょうどこの高さにあたる。胸骨体には4対(第3~第6)の肋軟骨が結合する。胸骨の最下部は剣状突起で、いわゆる「みぞおち」といわれる部分に位置する。形は不定形が多いが、ほぼ細長いへら状を呈し、中央部に円孔があったり、骨が縦に二分している場合もある。胸骨体との結合部の外側には第7肋軟骨が結合する。胸骨体と剣状突起との結合部は老年になるにしたがって化骨する。胸骨は男性のほうが女性よりも一般に長く、幅も大きいとされている。胸骨の骨髄には、生涯造血を営む赤色骨髄が含まれているため、骨髄の検査をする場合、しばしば胸骨の骨髄が用いられる。骨髄は胸骨穿刺(せんし)によって採取される。 [嶋井和世] [参照項目] | | | | |©Shogakukan"> 肋骨の各部名称 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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