Nest box - Subako (English spelling)

Japanese: 巣箱 - すばこ(英語表記)nest box
Nest box - Subako (English spelling)

This refers to a box attached to trees or other objects to allow wild birds to nest. In 1858, Baron HF von Berlepsch, who lived in Seebach in the Thuringia Wald mountains in central Germany, erected many bird nest boxes on his estate and demonstrated that he could increase the nesting density by more than ten times in a forest where 5 to 10 pairs usually nest per hectare, and thus they became popular around the world. In Japan, the first nest boxes were installed in 1916 (Taisho 5) on the grounds of Morioka Agricultural and Forestry College (now the Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University) under the guidance of Seinosuke Uchida and Seiichi Kuzu. Birds that used nest boxes were originally limited to those that nested in tree holes. In North America and Europe, more than 50 bird species each regularly use nest boxes, but in Japan, although more than 20 species have been recorded, only six species, namely, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, the Eastern Tree Sparrow, the Japanese Tit, the Varied Tit, the Grey Starling, and the Red-cheeked Starling, frequently use them. In the German experiment, the only birds that showed a significant effect were the Spotted Flycatcher and the White-necked Flycatcher, which are polygamous breeding species and only have territories close to their nests. Even if you put up nest boxes to encourage bird breeding, their effect is limited, and they are only effective when there is enough food and living space, but no tree hollows to nest in. However, such environments are common around Japanese cities, and it is very significant for children and students to make and erect nest boxes, observe and manage them as one way of putting the idea of ​​protecting wild birds into practice. Most nest boxes made in Japan are made from processed boards such as cedar, and there are two types: for great tits (also used by sparrows and varied tits) and for starlings (common for both starlings and red-eared starlings). Nest boxes are designed to be partially open so that they can be cleaned in the fall and early spring, and are securely tied with palm rope to a trunk with no branches around it. Some ingenuity is needed to prevent human tampering and damage from cats, mice, and snakes.

[Nobuo Takeshita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

野鳥に営巣させるために、樹木などに取り付ける箱をいう。1858年、ドイツ中部チューリンガー・ワルト山地のゼーバッハに住むベルレプシュH. F. von Berlepsh男爵が、自分の屋敷内に多くの小鳥用巣箱を架設し、普通は1ヘクタール当り5~10つがいが営巣する森で、営巣密度を10倍以上にあげることができることを示したため、世界に普及した。日本では、内田清之助(せいのすけ)と葛(くず)精一の指導で、1916年(大正5)に盛岡高等農林学校(現、岩手大学農学部)構内にかけられたものが最初とされている。巣箱を利用する鳥は、もともと樹洞に営巣するものに限られる。北アメリカやヨーロッパでは、それぞれ50種以上もの鳥が普通に利用するが、日本では20数種の記録があるものの、しばしば利用する鳥は、スズメ、ニュウナイスズメ、シジュウカラ、ヤマガラ、ムクドリ、コムクドリの6種にすぎない。また、ドイツの実験でも、著しく効果のあがった鳥は、一夫多妻の繁殖様式をもち、巣のごく周辺しか縄張りとしないマダラヒタキとシロエリヒタキの2種だけであった。鳥の繁殖を考えて巣箱をかけても、その効果は限られており、食物や生活空間は十二分にあるが、営巣する樹洞がない場合にのみ有効である。しかしこのような環境は、日本の都市周辺に多くあり、野鳥の保護思想の実践の一つとして、児童・生徒が巣箱をつくって架設し、観察、管理することの意義は大きい。日本で普通つくられる巣箱は、スギなどの板を加工するものがほとんどで、シジュウカラ(ほかにスズメ類とヤマガラも利用する)用と、ムクドリ用(コムクドリと兼用)の2種がある。巣箱は、秋と早春に掃除できるよう、一部が開くように工作し、周りに枝のない幹に、シュロ縄などでしっかりくくり付ける。人間のいたずら、ネコ、ネズミ類、ヘビの害を防ぐくふうが必要である。

[竹下信雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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