Hourglass - Sandglass

Japanese: 砂時計 - すなどけい
Hourglass - Sandglass

Fine sand is placed in a narrow eight-shaped container in the middle, and the elapsed time is measured by the movement of the sand from top to bottom. Its origins are unclear, but one theory is that it was invented by Bishop Liutbrand of Chartres, France, in the 8th century. The sand must be of uniform size, have a smooth surface, and be little damp. Records from the late 14th century state that it was made by repeatedly boiling fine grains of black marble in wine and then drying them.

Hourglasses are used to limit the duration of certain events. They were widely used in churches for preaching until around the 17th century, and those for ships continued to be used until the 18th century. Even today, they are used to count the time of telephone conversations and to measure three minutes when cooking.

[Kuniyuki Motomochi]

"The Book of the Hourglass" by Ernst Junga, translated by Takashi Imamura (1978, Jinbun Shoin)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中央のくびれた8の字形の容器に微細な砂を入れ、上部から下部への砂の移動によって経過時間を計るもの。起源は明らかではないが、一説には8世紀にフランスのシャルトルの僧正リウトプランドが考案したものといわれる。砂は大きさがそろって、表面が滑らかで、湿り気の少ないことが必要である。14世紀末の記録に、黒大理石の細かい粒をぶどう酒で煮ては干すことを繰り返してつくったことが残っている。

 砂時計は、決まった事柄を一定時間に限定するために使われる。17世紀ごろまでは教会での説教などに、また船舶用のものは18世紀までも盛んに用いられていた。現在でも、電話の通話時間や料理の際に、3分計などの時間計として利用されている。

[元持邦之]

『エルンスト・ユンガ著、今村孝訳『砂時計の書』(1978・人文書院)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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