Indirect facts - Indirect facts

Japanese: 間接事実 - かんせつじじつ（英語表記）Indizien

Facts that allow one to empirically infer the existence of facts (principal facts) that are directly necessary for the occurrence and disappearance of legal effects. Also called indicia. For example, in a lawsuit for the purchase price, the fact that a sales contract was formed is a principal fact, and can be directly proven if there is a sales contract. If a principal fact cannot be directly proven, proving that the person claiming to be the seller has transferred the subject matter to another party helps to infer the fact that a sales contract was formed. This is an indirect fact. The distinction between principal facts and indirect facts is important in civil litigation, which is governed by the orality system, in relation to the burden of allegation and the burden of proof. Evidence that proves an indirect fact is indirect evidence (circumstantial evidence).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

法律効果の発生消滅に直接必要な事実 (主要事実) の存否を経験上推認させる事実。徴表ともいう。たとえば，売買代金請求訴訟において売買契約の成立という事実は主要事実であり，売買契約書があれば，直接証明できる。主要事実を直接証明できない場合には，売主であると主張する者が目的物を他に移転しているという事実が証明されれば，売買契約成立の事実の推認に役立つ。これが間接事実である。主要事実と間接事実の区別は，弁論主義の支配する民事訴訟では，主張責任および立証責任との関連において，重要な意義をもっている。間接事実を証する証拠が間接証拠 (情況証拠) である。

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