Strasburg is the capital of the Bas-Rhin department in northeastern France and the central city of the Alsace region. Its German name is Strasburg. Its population was 264,115 (1999), 277,270 (2015 census). It has the largest metropolitan area in eastern France. It is located 457 km east of Paris, near the border with Germany, and on the Ill River, a tributary of the Rhine. At the beginning of the 19th century, the population was about 50,000, but it rapidly increased during the period of German annexation (1871-1918), stagnated during both world wars, and increased in the suburbs after World War II. It is one of the centers of Alsace industry, and industries such as machinery, electricity, food, beer brewing, paper, oil refining, thermal power generation, and hydroelectric power generation are carried out. Canals connecting the Rhine, Marne, and Rhone intersect to the east of the city, and products are shipped from the major river ports. The volume of cargo handled is about 15 million tons per year, with the main exports being potash, construction materials, grains, and essential oils. In addition to its administrative functions, the city also has cultural functions, such as the presence of the University of Strasbourg, an opera house, and music festivals. It is also the site of international trade fairs and the home of Strasbourg Cathedral, making it a tourist center. Many old houses remain in the old town, and the area known as "Little France" is particularly picturesque. The old town was registered as a cultural heritage site of the World Heritage Sites in 1988 (World Cultural Heritage). Due to its location near the center of the EU (European Union) region, the European Parliament is located near the Orangerie Park. [Yukihiko Otake] historyThe Romans founded a city in an area surrounded by tributaries of the Ill River and named it Argentoratum. It developed as a military stronghold, and a bishopric was established in the mid-4th century. It was destroyed by the Huns, but the Alamanni settled there and it came under the control of the Frankish Kingdom. After the division of the Frankish Kingdom, it became part of the Holy Roman Empire and was under the control of a bishop, but in 1262 it escaped and became a direct imperial city. In the 12th and 13th centuries, commerce and industry flourished, and from the late Middle Ages to the 16th century it became a major center of German humanism. The Protestant Reformation took place in 1522, and the seminary founded in 1538 attracted famous Protestant theorists. Even after it was annexed to France by Louis XIV in 1681, it maintained its international character, but after the French Revolution the influence of French culture became stronger. Due to the Franco-Prussian War, it came under German control from 1870 onwards, and after World War I it was returned to France. German control was restored during World War II, but it was recaptured by France in 1944. [Atsushi Egawa] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス北東部、アルザス地方の中心都市で、バ・ラン県の県都。ドイツ名シュトラスブルクStraßburg。人口26万4115(1999)、27万7270(2015センサス)。フランス東部では最大の都市圏をもつ。パリの東457キロメートル、ドイツとの国境に近く、ライン川の支流イル川沿いに位置する。19世紀初頭には人口約5万であったが、ドイツに併合された時期(1871~1918)に急増し、両次世界大戦中は人口停滞、第二次世界大戦後、郊外で増加した。アルザス工業の中心地の一つで、機械、電気、食料品、ビール醸造、製紙、精油、火力発電、水力発電などの工業が行われる。ライン川、マルヌ川、ローヌ川を結ぶ運河が町の東で交わり、生産物は大河港から積み出される。荷扱い量は年間約1500万トンに及び、カリ、建設資材、穀物、精油の輸出がおもである。行政機能を有するほか、ストラスブール大学やオペラ劇場の存在、音楽祭の開催など文化的機能もある。また国際見本市の開催地で、ストラスブール大聖堂があり、観光の中心地ともなっている。旧市街には古い家が残り、とくに「小さなフランス」とよばれる一画は絵のように美しい。旧市街は1988年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。EU(ヨーロッパ連合)地域の中心付近という立地条件により、オランジュリー公園のそばにヨーロッパ議会が置かれている。 [大嶽幸彦] 歴史イル川支流に囲まれた地域にローマ人が都市を築き、アルゲントラートゥムArgentoratumと名づけた。軍事的要衝として発展し、また4世紀なかばには司教座も置かれる。フン人によって破壊されたが、のちアラマン人が定住し、フランク王国の支配下に入った。フランク王国分裂後は神聖ローマ帝国に属し、司教の支配を受けていたが、1262年にはこれを脱して帝国直属都市となった。12、13世紀には商工業も繁栄し、また中世末期から16世紀にはドイツ人文主義の一大センターとなる。1522年には宗教改革が行われ、1538年に創設された神学校は著名な新教理論家を集めた。1681年、ルイ14世によりフランスに合併されたのちも国際都市の性格を維持したが、フランス革命後はフランス文化の影響が強まる。プロイセン・フランス戦争により1870年以降はドイツの支配を受け、第一次世界大戦後ふたたびフランスに帰属した。第二次世界大戦中はドイツ支配が復活したが、1944年にフランスが奪回した。 [江川 温] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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