Family Art - Ienogei

The unique acting techniques, roles, and original kyogen plays that are passed down from generation to generation among the great families of Kabuki actors. In the world of Kabuki, where family and name have long been highly valued, these plays were born in each family lineage as a result of the efforts of later generations of actors to respect and inherit the art and achievements of their ancestors. A representative example is the "aragoto" (rough play) that has been performed by successive generations of Ichikawa Danjūrō ​​since the first generation, and a good example of this is the "Kabuki Juhachiban" (18 plays in total) that the 7th Danjūrō ​​established based on aragoto (rough play), including "Shibaraku," "Yanone," "Narukami," "Sukeroku," and "Kanjinchō." Other roles that could be considered the "art of each family" include Oiwa and Kasane in "Kaidanmono" (ghost stories) and Omatsuri Sashichi in "Kizewamono" (living care stories), Nikki Danjo and Banzui Chobei in Matsumoto Koshiro's, and Karukaya and Ume no Yoshibei in Sawamura Sojuro's. Danjuro VII wanted to select his own best-known performance as the new "Juhachiban" (big hit), but died without being able to do so. Danjuro IX followed his wishes, and in the Meiji era, he created the "Katsurekimono" (live stories), and created the "Shin Kabuki Juhachiban" (new kabuki Juhachiban). In addition, Kikugoro V planned to create a set of "Ten New and Old Plays" from among his own premieres as the "family art" of the Onoe family to rival the Ichikawa family, and Kikugoro VI completed it. After that, it became popular among actors to choose the best plays of their ancestors and themselves. Examples include the "Ganjiro Twelve Songs" by Nakamura Ganjiro I, the "Kataoka Twelve Collection" by Kataoka Nizaemon XI, the "Kyouka Ten Plays" by Ichikawa Sadanji II, the "Kako Collection" by Ichimura Uzaemon XV, the "Kouga Ten Collection" by Sawamura Sojuro VII, the "Shuzan Ten Collection" by Nakamura Kichiemon I, and more recently the "Saruon Ten Collection" and "Omodaka Ten Collection" by Ichikawa Ennosuke III, which are selections of the best plays of his grandfather Ichikawa Ennosuke II. Shinpa also has Hanayagi Shotaro's "Hanayagi Ten Collection" and Mizutani Yaeko's "Yaeko Ten Collection."

[Toshiaki Matsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

歌舞伎(かぶき)俳優の名家に代々伝わる独特の演技術、役柄、および当り狂言。昔から家と名跡を重んじた歌舞伎界で、後代の俳優が父祖の芸と業績を尊重し継承しようとした努力により、各家系に生まれた。初世以来、代々の市川団十郎が得意として演じてきた「荒事(あらごと)」は代表的なもので、その具体化としては、7世団十郎が荒事を基本とする18種の演目（『暫(しばらく)』『矢の根』『鳴神(なるかみ)』『助六(すけろく)』『勧進帳(かんじんちょう)』など）を制定した「歌舞伎十八番」が適例である。ほかに尾上(おのえ)菊五郎家の「怪談物」のお岩、累(かさね)や「生世話(きぜわ)物」のお祭佐七(さしち)など、松本幸四郎家の仁木弾正(にっきだんじょう)、幡随長兵衛(ばんずいちょうべえ)など、沢村宗十郎家の苅萱(かるかや)、梅の由兵衛(よしべえ)などの役は、それぞれの「家の芸」といえる。7世団十郎は自身の当り芸を新しい「十八番」として選ぼうと考えながら果たせずして死んだが、9世団十郎はその遺志を継ぎ、明治になって自分の創演した「活歴(かつれき)物」と新形式の舞踊劇を加え「新歌舞伎十八番」を制定した。また、5世菊五郎は市川家に対抗する尾上家の「家の芸」として、自身の初演作品のなかから「新古演劇十種」の制定を企画、6世菊五郎がこれを完成させた。以後、俳優の間に父祖および自身の当り芸を選ぶことが流行した。例として、初世中村鴈治郎(がんじろう)の「玩辞楼(がんじろう)十二曲」、11世片岡仁左衛門の「片岡十二集」、2世市川左団次の「杏花(きょうか)戯曲十種」、15世市村羽左衛門の「可江(かこう)集」、7世沢村宗十郎の「高賀(こうが)十種」、初世中村吉右衛門(きちえもん)の「秀山(しゅうざん)十種」などがあり、近年では3世市川猿之助が祖父市川猿翁(えんおう)（2世猿之助）の当り芸を選んだ「猿翁十種」「沢瀉(おもだか)十種」がある。また新派にも花柳(はなやぎ)章太郎の「花柳十種」、水谷八重子の「八重子十種」がある。

［松井俊諭］

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