Early stainless steel was produced by melting carbon steel scrap in an electric furnace, decarburizing it with iron ore, and then adding a low-carbon ferrochromium alloy. Nickel has almost no oxidation loss, so there is no problem with the method of addition, but the yield of chromium varies greatly depending on the type, method, and timing of addition. Moreover, because chromium is a large alloying material, the yield has a major impact on the cost. Therefore, the main focus of stainless steel production is to use inexpensive chromium-containing raw materials and prioritize decarburization while preventing the oxidation of chromium. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
初期のステンレス鋼は,電気炉で炭素鋼屑を溶解し,鉄鉱石で脱炭した後,低炭素フェロクロム合金を加えて製造された。ニッケルは酸化損失がほとんどないから添加方法にとくに問題はないが,クロムは添加物の種類,添加方法および時期によって,歩留りに大きな差を生ずる。しかも,クロムの合金量は多いから,その歩留りの良否がコストを大きく左右する。したがって,ステンレス鋼製造の主眼点は,安価な含クロム原料を使って,クロムの酸化を防ぎながら,脱炭を優先的に進行させる点にある。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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