Tropical rat mite

Japanese: イエダニ - いえだに(英語表記)tropical rat mite
Tropical rat mite

This mite belongs to the Arthropoda phylum, Arachnidae class, Acaridae family. It is an egg-shaped mite, about 1 mm in size, that parasitizes house rodents and lives in their nests. It has stages of egg → larva → nymph → deuteron → adult, and only the nymph and adult suck blood. Females in particular repeatedly suck blood and lay eggs, laying over 100 eggs in their lifetime. Females may also lay eggs without mating, but all of these eggs will become males. The length of the life cycle is affected by temperature, and in the Tokyo area, it takes only 4 days in late August and about 20 days in early November to grow from egg to adult. This species can also migrate to the human body and cause dermatitis, and cases of the disease occur frequently in the summer because of the shortened development period and the mass outbreak.

The closely related species of house dust mites are the bird mite O. sylviarum and the similar species of red mites Dermanyssus spp., both of which suck blood and appear indoors, causing dermatitis. Although these mites are difficult to distinguish from house dust mites with the naked eye, they all originate from pet birds or birds that nest in human homes, and their sources are completely different. Although the dermatitis caused by house dust mites and similar species is not serious, repeated bites over a long period of time can cause increased itching, insomnia, and mental distress, adversely affecting one's life in various ways. In order to prevent further outbreaks, it is essential to identify the causative species and remove the source, with the use of insecticides such as organophosphate insecticides as a supplement.

[Kimito Uchikawa]

[Reference] | Tick

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

節足動物門クモ形綱ダニ目オオサシダニ科に属するダニ。最大1ミリメートル程度の卵型のダニで、住家性ネズミ類に寄生し、その巣内で生活する。卵→幼虫→第1若虫→第2若虫→成虫の齢期があり、このうち第1若虫と成虫だけが吸血する。とくに雌は、吸血と産卵を繰り返し、生涯に100個余りの卵を産む。また、雌は交尾することなく卵を産むことがあるが、この卵はすべて雄になる。生活史の長さは温度に影響され、東京地方では8月下旬にはわずか4日、11月上旬には約20日で卵から成虫に達する。本種は人体にも移行して皮膚炎をおこすが、発症例が夏期に頻発するのも、発育期間の短縮による大量発生があるためである。

 イエダニの近縁種にはトリサシダニO. sylviarumと類似種のワクモ類Dermanyssus spp.があり、ともに吸血性で、居室内に出現して皮膚炎の原因種となっている。これらのダニ類は、肉眼的にはイエダニと区別しにくいが、すべて飼い鳥や人家に営巣する鳥類に由来するものであって、その発生源はまったく異なっている。イエダニをはじめその近似種による皮膚炎そのものには重篤なものはないが、長期間繰り返して刺されていると、かゆみの増強や不眠のほか、精神的な苦痛を伴うので、いろいろな形で生活に悪影響が現れる。発症の続発を防ぐためには、原因種を見極め、その発生源を除去することが肝要であり、補助的に有機燐(りん)剤などの殺虫剤を用いる。

[内川公人]

[参照項目] | ダニ

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