Schiaparelli - Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli

Japanese: スキャパレリ - すきゃぱれり(英語表記)Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli
Schiaparelli - Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli

Italian astronomer. After graduating from the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Turin in 1854, he taught mathematics at the same university while studying modern linguistics and astronomy. In 1857, he studied under Encke at the Berlin Observatory, and then under F. Struve at the Pulkovo Observatory. After returning to Italy in 1860, he took up a position at the Brera Observatory in Milan. He became the director of the observatory in 1862. He retired from his position in 1900 and spent the rest of his life there. In 1861, he discovered the asteroid Hesperia. He calculated the periodic orbit of the Perseid meteor shower in August 1866, and confirmed that it matched that of the third comet that appeared in 1862, determining that the comet was the parent of the meteor shower. He also revealed that the Leonid meteor shower was an alter ego of the first comet that appeared in 1866. In 1872, he received the Gold Medal from the Royal Astronomical Society for this discovery. In 1877, he also discovered a network of lines on the surface of Mars, which he called canals and raised a question about.

[Shimamura Fukutaro]

[References] | Encke | Mars | Struve | Comet | Meteor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの天文学者。1854年トリノ大学土木工学科を卒業後、同大学で数学を教えながら近代言語学と天文学を研究。1857年ベルリン天文台でエンケに、ついでプルコボ天文台でF・シュトルーベに師事。1860年帰国後ミラノのブレラ天文台に着任。1862年同天文台長。1900年に台長を勇退し、同地で余生を送る。1861年に小惑星ヘスペリアを発見。1866年8月のペルセウス流星群の周期軌道を計算して、1862年出現の第三彗星(すいせい)のそれと一致することを確認し、彗星が流星群の母体であると判定した。また、しし座流星群は1866年出現の第一彗星の分身であることを明らかにした。1872年この発見により王立天文協会の金賞を受けた。また1877年火星の表面に網目状の線条を検出し、これを運河と名づけて問題を投げかけた。

[島村福太郎]

[参照項目] | エンケ | 火星 | シュトルーベ | 彗星 | 流星

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