Betrothed - Engaged

Japanese: 許嫁 - いいなずけ
Betrothed - Engaged

It is said to be a noun derived from the conjunctive form of the word "iinamezukeru (to give a name to a woman)". It is also said to be a corrupted form of "yuinozuke" (to give a name to a woman) or "iminamezuke" (to give a name to a woman), and some say that "iiina" is the name a husband gives to his wife. The commonly used concept of "iiinazuke" today refers to a parent or parental figure promising their young child to marry in advance, or to two people who have made such a promise. This word seems to have been used as early as the Muromachi period, which makes sense in a time when women's marriages were used for political purposes in times of war. The ancient custom of a man knowing a woman's name being the same as possessing her is known from the first choka poem in the Manyoshu, and in this era it was thought to have been a way of communication between the parties involved as a prerequisite for marriage. In contrast, later "iiinazuke" were exchanged regardless of the will of the parties involved, and there are many stories of women who suffered misfortune and cried for their entire lives because of this. For better or worse, the custom of engagement is hardly heard of these days.

[Hisako Maruyama]

[Reference] | Engagement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「言い名づける」という語の連用形の名詞化したものといわれている。「結納づけ」あるいは「忌み名づけ」の訛(なま)りともいわれて、「いいな」は夫が妻につける名のことという説もある。親あるいは親代わりの者が、幼い子女の結婚をあらかじめ約束する、またはその約束を結んだ者同士をさしていうのが、いま普通に使われている「いいなずけ」の概念である。このことばは早く室町時代から使われていたらしいが、戦乱の世では政略に女性の結婚が使われた時代として納得できる。男が女の名を知ることは、すなわちその女性を占有することであった古代の習わしは、『万葉集』巻頭の長歌でも知られているが、この時代には結婚の前提として当事者同士の交流の一手段であったと思われる。これに対して後世の「いいなずけ」は、当事者の意志には関係なく取り交わされたものであったから、これによって一生を悲運に泣いた女性の物語は、数多く残されている。良きにつけ悪(あ)しきにつけ、いいなづけの風習は、このごろではほとんど聞かれなくなった。

[丸山久子]

[参照項目] | 婚約

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