Geschwind, N. (English spelling) GeschwindN

Japanese: Geschwind,N.(英語表記)GeschwindN
Geschwind, N. (English spelling) GeschwindN

... Regarding the difference in the functions of the cerebral hemispheres, R.W. Sperry and others' research on split brains revealed that the right hemisphere is responsible for non-linguistic functions such as musical melody and recognizing faces, pictures, and maps (1962). N. Geschwind also showed (1965) that various aphasias and apraxias are disconnection syndromes caused by the disconnection of fiber connections between areas. This made it clear that many higher mental functions are not performed by a single center, but by a complex system made up of connections between many areas. ...

From [Neuropsychology]

…The 19th century and early 20th century were the heyday of localization theory, but in the 20th century, localization theory was severely criticized by holistic theory. However, since the discovery of the disconnection syndrome by N. Geschwind and others in 1962, localization theory has been reevaluated by RW Sperry, MS Gazzaniga and others, and it has once again reached its heyday. However, symptoms caused by localized brain disorders do not immediately represent only localized symptoms in that part of the brain, but also include functional disorders in other related parts of the brain and compensatory actions for these disorders. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Geschwind, N." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… さて大脳半球の機能の左右差については,スペリーR.W.Sperryらによる分離脳の研究で,右半球が音楽のメロディや顔や絵や地図の認識など非言語的機能を分担していることが明らかになった(1962)。またゲシュウィントN.Geschwindはいろいろな失語症や失行症が各領野間の繊維結合の切断によって起こる離断症候群であることを示した(1965)。これによって,高次の精神機能の多くが1個の中枢ではなく,数多くの領野間の連絡によって成り立つ複雑なシステムによって営まれていることが明らかになった。…

【神経心理学】より

…19世紀から20世紀初頭は局在論全盛の時代であったが,20世紀に入ってからは局在論に対して全体論からの厳しい批判が行われた。しかし,1962年に至り,ゲシュウィントN.Geschwindらによる離断症候群の発見があって以来,スペリーR.W.Sperry,ガッツァニーガM.S.Gazzanigaらによって局在論が見直され,再び全盛時代を迎えている。しかし,脳の局在障害による症状は直ちに脳のその場所の局在症状のみを表すものではなく,関連する脳の他の部位の機能障害とこれらの障害に対する代償作用を含むものである。…

※「Geschwind,N.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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