A declaration of an individual's or a church's faith in Christ. Mainly a Protestant term. In Catholicism, it is called a declaration of faith or articles of faith. The Reformation produced many confessions that declared their faith and attempted to clarify its legitimacy by formulating the main parts of doctrine. Some of them attempted to reconcile Protestant denominations, and their names varied depending on their motivation: confession of faith, articles, declaration, common creed, common creed, catechism, etc. The main ones are: (1) Lutheran Augsburg Confession (1530), M. Luther's Large and Small Catechism (29), Schmalkaldic Articles (37), Common Creed (77). (2) Calvinist J. Calvin's Geneva Catechism (42), Zurich Common Creed (40), Heidelberg Catechism (63), Westminster Confession (1643). (3) Congregationalists, such as the Savoy Declaration (58). As time passed, confessions of faith were forced to reconsider their content and were asked to respond to world trends. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Confessing Church issued the Barmen Declaration, which was particularly concerned with the nation's political line. The United Presbyterian Church in America's Confession of Faith of 1967 also showed responses to social conditions. A personal confession of faith is made with the consent of the church, and is made at confirmation and confession ceremonies. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
キリストに対する個人または教会の信仰を明言すること。主としてプロテスタント用語。カトリックでは信仰宣言,信仰個条 (信条 ) という。宗教改革運動は,みずからの信仰を宣言し,教義の主要部分を定式化してその正統性を明らかにしようとする多くの告白書を生み出した。なかにはプロテスタント諸派の調停を試みたものもあり,動機に応じてその名称も信仰告白,条項,宣言,一致信条,和協信条,信仰問答など,さまざまである。おもなものは (1) ルター派 アウクスブルク信仰告白 (1530) ,M.ルターの大小教理問答書 (29) ,シュマルカルデン条項 (37) ,和協信条 (77) 。 (2) カルバン派 J.カルバンのジュネーブ信仰問答 (42) ,チューリヒ一致信条 (40) ,ハイデルベルク信仰問答 (63) ,ウェストミンスター信仰告白 (1643) 。 (3) 会衆派 サボイ宣言 (58) など。時代の進展とともに信仰告白は内容の再検討を迫られ,世界の動向に対応する姿勢を問われるようになる。 1920~30年代は特に国家の政治路線に関して告白教会のバルメン宣言が出された。また,アメリカ合同長老教会の「信仰告白 1967」などは社会状況への対応を示したものだった。個人的信仰告白は教会のそれへの同意によって成り立ち,堅信式,信仰告白式で行われる。
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