A cylinder in which a piston reciprocates in an internal combustion engine, steam engine, pump, etc. Also called a cylinder. In a reciprocating internal combustion engine, a mixture of fuel and air is burned inside the cylinder to generate high pressure, while in a reciprocating steam engine, high-pressure steam is blown into the cylinder, and the resulting high pressure is used to move the piston and generate output. In a pump, the piston is moved from the outside to generate high pressure. To achieve this, when there is only one piston, one end of the cylinder is closed so that they face each other. When two pistons are used, the two pistons face each other and move almost symmetrically. A ring to prevent leakage is also attached between the piston and the cylinder. This is called a piston ring. When large output is required, multiple cylinders are arranged in series, V-shape, opposed shapes, W-shape, or star shape, and the phases of the cylinders are adjusted to suppress vibration. The cylinders are made of special cast iron to be heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and the outside is cooled when they get hot. [Masatake Yoshida] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
内燃機関、蒸気機関、ポンプなどで、ピストンが中で往復運動する筒。気筒ともいう。往復動内燃機関ではシリンダー内で燃料と空気の混合気を燃焼させ高い圧力を得、往復動蒸気機関では高圧の蒸気をシリンダー内に吹き込み、ともに得た高圧でピストンを動かして出力を得る。ポンプでは外からピストンを動かし高圧を得る。そのために、ピストンが一つのときは、対面するようにシリンダーの一端を閉じる。ピストンを二つ用いるときは、二つのピストンを対面させ、ほぼ対称的に動くようにする。またピストンとシリンダーの間に漏れ止めのリングをつける。これをピストンリングpiston ringという。 大きな出力を必要とするときは、多数のシリンダーを直列、V形、対向形、W形、星形のように並べ、互いの位相を調節し振動を抑える。シリンダーは耐熱・耐食性をもたせるために特殊鋳鉄などでつくり、高温になるときは外側を冷却する。 [吉田正武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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